Base-catalyzed decomposition (BCD) is a new type of chlorine-containing hazardous waste destruction technology developed in the United States in recent years. It is particularly suitable for the destruction of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as PCBs, dioxins and furans.
The complete BCD technology consists of two separate processes. The first is the direct thermal desorption of the media contaminated by POPs and the separation of contaminants; the second is the enrichment of pure substances or thermal desorption of POPs in stirred tank reactors. The high concentration of POPs removes toxicity through a hydrogen conversion reaction. In the previous step, mixing a low concentration of base with a contaminated medium enhances the desorption of the chloro(aryl)hydrocarbon from the various matrices, and during the desorption, the presence of the base destroys some of the POPs. In the subsequent detoxification step, the hydrogen-enriched carrier oil is heated to 326°C (the melting point of sodium hydroxide) under nitrogen protection, and after addition of sodium hydroxide and a special catalyst, chlorine is Quantity control of POPs or high-concentration POPs waste additions. At this time, various reactants and inorganic residues will be suspended in the carrier oil by friction stirring, during which high active hydrogen atoms will attack the carbon-chlorine bonds on the POPs and complete the hydrodechlorination reaction. The products include carbon and hydrocarbons. Sludge, water and sodium chloride. The final disposal of the reaction products varies depending on the cost of the carrier oil: For low cost oils, waste carrier oils containing sludge and salt from the reactor can be used as fuel for the cement kiln; for refined oils, they are separated from the sludge. After repeated use, the sludge can then be used to neutralize acidic industrial wastewater or for safe landfills.
The most representative example of BCD technology is the site remediation project conducted by the Australian government prior to the venue construction of the Sydney Olympics. The project needs to dispose of 450 tons of a total concentration of 20mg/kg contaminated with various chlorobenzenes, chlorophenols, and DDT and chlordane. Soil and 10 tons of pure organic chlorine material. The total concentration of target pollutants in the soil after thermal desorption drops below 1mg/kg, followed by 13 tons of desorption concentrated and 10 tons of pure organochlorine pollutants through the BCD reactor, the concentration of pollutants dropped to 1mg Below /kg, the concentration of dioxin is less than 10μg/kg and the destruction rate is 99.9999%. BCD technology has a very low level of dioxin production and is also one of the non-incineration technologies recommended by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
The complete BCD technology consists of two separate processes. The first is the direct thermal desorption of the media contaminated by POPs and the separation of contaminants; the second is the enrichment of pure substances or thermal desorption of POPs in stirred tank reactors. The high concentration of POPs removes toxicity through a hydrogen conversion reaction. In the previous step, mixing a low concentration of base with a contaminated medium enhances the desorption of the chloro(aryl)hydrocarbon from the various matrices, and during the desorption, the presence of the base destroys some of the POPs. In the subsequent detoxification step, the hydrogen-enriched carrier oil is heated to 326°C (the melting point of sodium hydroxide) under nitrogen protection, and after addition of sodium hydroxide and a special catalyst, chlorine is Quantity control of POPs or high-concentration POPs waste additions. At this time, various reactants and inorganic residues will be suspended in the carrier oil by friction stirring, during which high active hydrogen atoms will attack the carbon-chlorine bonds on the POPs and complete the hydrodechlorination reaction. The products include carbon and hydrocarbons. Sludge, water and sodium chloride. The final disposal of the reaction products varies depending on the cost of the carrier oil: For low cost oils, waste carrier oils containing sludge and salt from the reactor can be used as fuel for the cement kiln; for refined oils, they are separated from the sludge. After repeated use, the sludge can then be used to neutralize acidic industrial wastewater or for safe landfills.
The most representative example of BCD technology is the site remediation project conducted by the Australian government prior to the venue construction of the Sydney Olympics. The project needs to dispose of 450 tons of a total concentration of 20mg/kg contaminated with various chlorobenzenes, chlorophenols, and DDT and chlordane. Soil and 10 tons of pure organic chlorine material. The total concentration of target pollutants in the soil after thermal desorption drops below 1mg/kg, followed by 13 tons of desorption concentrated and 10 tons of pure organochlorine pollutants through the BCD reactor, the concentration of pollutants dropped to 1mg Below /kg, the concentration of dioxin is less than 10μg/kg and the destruction rate is 99.9999%. BCD technology has a very low level of dioxin production and is also one of the non-incineration technologies recommended by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
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