Pumps and valves in nuclear power plants belong to the key components and account for nearly one-fourth of equipment investment. Due to the fact that China is not yet fully self-made, foreign companies have gained a large amount of monopoly profits. This reporter has learned that the Ling Ao Phase II nuclear power plant only imported valves amounted to 70 million US dollars, less than 4% of domestic purchases.
Nuclear power to build a large number of imported key components of the country is far more than valve products. According to Zhang Guobao, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission recently revealed that when he visited the domestic nuclear power companies, he suggested using a domestic control system, but to put it simply, "nobody dares to use the domestic ones."
In a recent interview, Cai Weichi, vice chairman of China Machinery Industry Federation, briefed reporters on the control of key components and materials in other major technical equipment fields.
"Our annual production of power generation equipment has exceeded 100 million kilowatts, but in fact the power generation equipment used inside the high temperature, high pressure pipe imports are still quite large, although the output of our power generation equipment from the past more than 10 million kilowatts Jumped to the present more than 100 million kilowatts, but a closer look, supercritical, ultra-supercritical unit of high temperature, high pressure of high-quality pipe, plate, must be imported.
"The rolling mill is now made in China, but many domestic electrical components, or control systems, are imported, albeit in the domestic market."
"EHV, UHV transmission equipment, domestic enterprises also have results, but inside the operating agencies, users are not particularly worried about the domestic products, so we must operate the production facilities and foreign cooperation, or simply use the foreign. "
"The transformers are made, but users like the bushings inside the UHV transformers are not assured, and while some equipment makers claim they can do it, they can not cast a vote of confidence."
"The lag in the development of functional parts and numerical control systems in the machine tool industry has become a bottleneck in the development of the CNC machine tool industry, especially for the key components and numerical control systems that limit the level of high-end CNC machine tools." Tsai continued to give reporters a list of five The status of a field.
The words of Zhang Guobao also confirmed Cai Weici's remark: "Although some products have achieved domestic manufacturing, they lack the capability of independent design and manufacturing and do not have the core technology. For most equipment products, although most domestic equipment has basically achieved autonomy, it is reliable Sex, energy consumption indicators and other advanced level compared with the foreign, there are still gaps.
In fact, according to the reporter, such as large-scale pumped storage units and heavy-duty gas turbines, domestic enterprises do not have the core technology. Another part of the product development is still blank, such as deep-water offshore oil engineering equipment products, large-scale civilian aircraft.
Confidence in the industry
To solve the problem of autonomous autonomy of key components of major equipment, it is by no means an overnight success. Tsai said that rejuvenation is a gradual process, not a mutation.
"Like the supercritical units and ultra-supercritical units, the original we can not do the machine, you must import. Now imported from the machine into only part of the import, including raw materials and accessories. For example, pipe, sheet, forgings, is Imported, but this is always a big step forward than the original machine imported. "
"Like transformers, in the past we could not make a 500,000-volt transformer and now we can do it, and although the share of domestic products is still small at this moment, we can do it after all." There will also be a gradual increase in market share. Transformers inside the casing, but also imported, but this situation have always had to break in recent years, this is a gradual process. "
Cai Wei Ci said that the key components and parts are the common problems of all kinds of major equipment, but in different fields and different equipment, the performance levels are different. "Relatively speaking, the power generation equipment is better and the power transmission and transformation equipment is less, and the large-scale ethylene plant and the nuclear power equipment are even worse."
Although major domestic technology and equipment are stuck in key components and parts, Tsai is still optimistic about the revitalization of China's equipment industry. "Our goal is that under normal circumstances, we can carry out global support, and if there is any sign of trouble, we will not get stuck."
China's equipment industry is moving toward the established goal. According to Cai Weizi introduction, 600,000 kilowatts thermal power units of domestic control system, in 2006 has been successfully put into operation in the domestic power plant performance, but also received a dozen sets of orders. Although the proportion of the market in China's 70-80 markets is not large, it is not impossible to import non-non-domestic products.
"As for the forging, although the power station is basically imported forgings, but domestic enterprises can not not do it." Tsai Wei Ci said.
Picky fat is not desirable
Some of the key components that could have been produced domestically are still being imported in significant quantities. For example, Cai Wei Ci referred to the power generation equipment forgings, most are imported. According to Cai Wei Ci analysis, this is a domestic enterprises are unwilling to do, not not to do.
"Heavy machine factory is now rosy across the board, not a heavy machine factory days are not good. Our heavy machine factory in the case of choice, more inclined to do relatively speaking 'fat' products. Power plant forgings long production cycle, There is a high rate of scrap, so it can be done, but by comparison, it takes a lot of effort.
However, Tsai warned that if the equipment manufacturing enterprises are now picky, the contradiction between the lack of technical reserves and the lack of sufficient credit among users will arise in the future if there is a reduction in production orders.
Cai Wei Ci said that under the background of greatly reducing the foreign exchange surplus, the high-end equipment market will surely face greater squeeze from the imported "All-Star Team" imported products, and the high-end equipment market of domestic-funded enterprises will inevitably be seriously threatened. Therefore, he emphasized that the more we are in a situation of good development in the industry, the more we must enhance the awareness of the crisis and take precautions.
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