Sweet cherries have a demand for cooling during the growing process, and sweet cherries need more cooling than normal cherries. In the cherry planting area in North China, most of the sweet cherry species can spend a period of 45 to 50 days before the natural dormancy period. Therefore, in the process of planting sweet cherries, the advancement of the coating is beneficial to the satisfaction of the required cooling capacity of the sweet cherry and the dormancy period. If cherries are cultivated in a greenhouse, the use of a thermo-optic light recorder to control the indoor parameters is essential.
In the case of sweet cherries grown in solar greenhouses, cover should be advanced to the previous year's deciduous period, that is, from late October to mid-November. Select warm, wind-free weather to cover the plastic film, and immediately cover with a layer of straw. . If it is a greenhouse to grow sweet cherries, the cover can only be a plastic film, and generally no longer covers paper quilts, straw drapes, etc., so covering means the beginning of the heat preservation and warming period.
In the specific determination of the coverage of the insulation time, according to the local meteorological data, the accumulation of hours less than 7.2 °C can be found, can reach about 1000h to cover. In view of the fact that there are few research data on the required amount of cold for Chinese sweet cherries and large sweet cherries, and early coverage, low outside temperature, and difficulty in warming insulation in sheds, the coverage time can be postponed until mid-January to 1 for insurance reasons. At the end of the month. It takes about 2 months for the sweet cherry to mature from the bud. As early as general coverage, the fruit matures accordingly. However, when the facilities have poor thermal insulation and poor management techniques, the fruit development period will be prolonged. Although the coverage time is advanced, the mature period will not advance by the same margin.
After the cover, the temperature in the greenhouse rises quickly, and the ground temperature rises slowly. Therefore, at the same time as covering, the ground cover must be covered with a transparent plastic film in the greenhouse so that the ground temperature and temperature rise synchronously, so that the shoot bud activity is coordinated with the root activity. The temperature at this time should gradually increase to avoid sudden warming. Within 1~2 weeks after covering, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 18~20°C, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained at 1~3°C; after 2 weeks, the nighttime temperature should be gradually increased, 7~10d to 5~6°C, and the daytime temperature should be controlled. 20~22°C.
Conditional greenhouses are equipped with equipment such as earth warming, electric heating, or gas heating for warming; it is also possible to use brewing materials such as fresh horse dung, fresh manure, etc., applied underground, and use the heat generated by their fermentation to raise the temperature. Raise the air temperature; it is also possible to close the vents, covering the sheets of paper at night, the straw curtains, etc., to also benefit the warming of the greenhouse.
When the weather is fine and the outside temperature rises, sometimes the temperature in the protected area can reach 30°C or higher. At this time, the air must be released to reduce the temperature in the protected area. Can be taken to turn off the heating equipment, open the vents, at night without cover, straw and other measures, can get satisfactory results.
After the lock shed warms up, the air humidity is required to be high in the early stage and the requirements in the later period are relatively low. The sweet cherry germination requires the soil moisture to be about 80%, and then gradually declines. The flowering period and fruit expansion period require 50%-60%, and the mature period requires a relative humidity of 50%. The soil moisture content, after germination to early flowering, requires 80% of soil moisture and 60% to 70% after flowering.
When the humidity in a greenhouse or in a greenhouse is too high, the internal humidity can be reduced by exchanging with the outside air, but it is necessary to ensure that the humidity in the greenhouse is within a suitable range and can be adjusted by irrigation. When the irrigation is small, the air humidity is low; when the irrigation is long, the air humidity is high. It is also possible to adjust the humidity in conjunction with the temperature adjustment. Generally, the relative humidity decreases when the temperature increases, and the relative humidity increases when the temperature decreases. If sub-round irrigation is used, the phenomenon of excessive air humidity and lower ground temperature caused by irrigation can be reduced. In addition, if the humidity in the booth is low, the mist may be used to increase the air humidity, but in most cases the humidity is high.
The soil moisture is mainly regulated by the number of irrigations, irrigation and irrigation methods. If the method of drip irrigation is adopted in the shed, it has little effect on air humidity and soil temperature, and it is an ideal irrigation method.
The recording of temperature and humidity in the sweet cherry greenhouse was recorded by a thermo-humid light recorder. It can be concluded that sweet cherries, as a kind of hi-light crop, should control the plant height in the south and improve the illumination in the shed. The tarpaulin uses no drip film, and attention should be paid to timely cleaning or rinsing the shed film. Sweet cherry trees have not yet sprouted and spread their leaves. The requirements for light conditions are not very strict. At the same time the outside temperature is still low, at this time should pay attention to insulation, warming, adjust the light (lifting, covering the curtain time) should be subject to temperature regulation, that is, the curtain can be slightly earlier in the morning, cover the curtain in the afternoon can be slightly earlier, this is conducive to insulation . If the temperature permits, exposing grass as early as possible, if there is no rain or snow on cloudy days, scattered light should be used.
In the case of sweet cherries grown in solar greenhouses, cover should be advanced to the previous year's deciduous period, that is, from late October to mid-November. Select warm, wind-free weather to cover the plastic film, and immediately cover with a layer of straw. . If it is a greenhouse to grow sweet cherries, the cover can only be a plastic film, and generally no longer covers paper quilts, straw drapes, etc., so covering means the beginning of the heat preservation and warming period.
In the specific determination of the coverage of the insulation time, according to the local meteorological data, the accumulation of hours less than 7.2 °C can be found, can reach about 1000h to cover. In view of the fact that there are few research data on the required amount of cold for Chinese sweet cherries and large sweet cherries, and early coverage, low outside temperature, and difficulty in warming insulation in sheds, the coverage time can be postponed until mid-January to 1 for insurance reasons. At the end of the month. It takes about 2 months for the sweet cherry to mature from the bud. As early as general coverage, the fruit matures accordingly. However, when the facilities have poor thermal insulation and poor management techniques, the fruit development period will be prolonged. Although the coverage time is advanced, the mature period will not advance by the same margin.
After the cover, the temperature in the greenhouse rises quickly, and the ground temperature rises slowly. Therefore, at the same time as covering, the ground cover must be covered with a transparent plastic film in the greenhouse so that the ground temperature and temperature rise synchronously, so that the shoot bud activity is coordinated with the root activity. The temperature at this time should gradually increase to avoid sudden warming. Within 1~2 weeks after covering, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 18~20°C, and the nighttime temperature should be maintained at 1~3°C; after 2 weeks, the nighttime temperature should be gradually increased, 7~10d to 5~6°C, and the daytime temperature should be controlled. 20~22°C.
Conditional greenhouses are equipped with equipment such as earth warming, electric heating, or gas heating for warming; it is also possible to use brewing materials such as fresh horse dung, fresh manure, etc., applied underground, and use the heat generated by their fermentation to raise the temperature. Raise the air temperature; it is also possible to close the vents, covering the sheets of paper at night, the straw curtains, etc., to also benefit the warming of the greenhouse.
When the weather is fine and the outside temperature rises, sometimes the temperature in the protected area can reach 30°C or higher. At this time, the air must be released to reduce the temperature in the protected area. Can be taken to turn off the heating equipment, open the vents, at night without cover, straw and other measures, can get satisfactory results.
After the lock shed warms up, the air humidity is required to be high in the early stage and the requirements in the later period are relatively low. The sweet cherry germination requires the soil moisture to be about 80%, and then gradually declines. The flowering period and fruit expansion period require 50%-60%, and the mature period requires a relative humidity of 50%. The soil moisture content, after germination to early flowering, requires 80% of soil moisture and 60% to 70% after flowering.
When the humidity in a greenhouse or in a greenhouse is too high, the internal humidity can be reduced by exchanging with the outside air, but it is necessary to ensure that the humidity in the greenhouse is within a suitable range and can be adjusted by irrigation. When the irrigation is small, the air humidity is low; when the irrigation is long, the air humidity is high. It is also possible to adjust the humidity in conjunction with the temperature adjustment. Generally, the relative humidity decreases when the temperature increases, and the relative humidity increases when the temperature decreases. If sub-round irrigation is used, the phenomenon of excessive air humidity and lower ground temperature caused by irrigation can be reduced. In addition, if the humidity in the booth is low, the mist may be used to increase the air humidity, but in most cases the humidity is high.
The soil moisture is mainly regulated by the number of irrigations, irrigation and irrigation methods. If the method of drip irrigation is adopted in the shed, it has little effect on air humidity and soil temperature, and it is an ideal irrigation method.
The recording of temperature and humidity in the sweet cherry greenhouse was recorded by a thermo-humid light recorder. It can be concluded that sweet cherries, as a kind of hi-light crop, should control the plant height in the south and improve the illumination in the shed. The tarpaulin uses no drip film, and attention should be paid to timely cleaning or rinsing the shed film. Sweet cherry trees have not yet sprouted and spread their leaves. The requirements for light conditions are not very strict. At the same time the outside temperature is still low, at this time should pay attention to insulation, warming, adjust the light (lifting, covering the curtain time) should be subject to temperature regulation, that is, the curtain can be slightly earlier in the morning, cover the curtain in the afternoon can be slightly earlier, this is conducive to insulation . If the temperature permits, exposing grass as early as possible, if there is no rain or snow on cloudy days, scattered light should be used.
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