Before we talk about the intake manifold, let's first think about how the air enters the engine. In the introduction of the engine, we mentioned the operation of the piston in the cylinder. When the engine is in the intake stroke, the piston moves downwards to generate a vacuum inside the cylinder (that is, the pressure becomes smaller), so as to produce a pressure difference with the outside air and let the air Can enter the cylinder. For example, everyone should have been shot and seen how the nurse can draw potions into the barrel. The imaginary barrel is the engine. When the piston in the barrel is pulled out, the medicine is sucked into the barrel, and the engine sucks air into the cylinder.
Due to the low temperature at the inlet side, the composite material has become a popular material for the intake manifold, and its light interior is smooth, which can effectively reduce the resistance and increase the efficiency of the intake air.
Well, back to the theme, the intake manifold is located between the throttle and the engine intake valve. It is called “manifold†because the air enters the throttle, and after passing through the manifold buffer system, the air flow path In this "divergence", the number of corresponding engine cylinders, such as a four-cylinder engine has four, five-cylinder engine has five, the air is introduced into each cylinder. In the case of a natural intake engine, since the intake manifold is located behind the throttle, when the engine throttle opening is small, a sufficient amount of air cannot be drawn in the cylinder, resulting in high manifold vacuum; when the engine is opened When it is large, the degree of vacuum in the intake manifold becomes smaller. Therefore, the injection fuel supply engine will be equipped with a pressure gauge on the intake manifold, the supply ECU determines the engine load, and given the right amount of fuel injection.
Manifold vacuum is not only used to supply pressure signals that determine engine load, but there are many uses! If the car also needs to use the vacuum of the engine to assist, so when the engine is started, the brake pedal will be lighter, because of vacuum assistance. There are some forms of constant speed control mechanisms that also use manifold vacuum. Any leakage or improper refit of these vacuum tubes will cause engine misalignment and affect the operation of the brakes. Therefore, readers are advised not to improperly modify the vacuum tubes to maintain the safety of the vehicles.
The design of the intake manifold is also very knowledgeable. In order to have the same combustion conditions for each cylinder of the engine, the length and curvature of the manifold of each cylinder must be the same. Since the engine is completed by four strokes, the engine will be pulsed with each cylinder. Based on experience, longer manifolds are suitable for low-speed operation, while shorter manifolds are suitable for high-speed operation. Therefore, some models will use a variable-length intake manifold, or a continuous variable-length intake manifold, so that the engine can perform better in various rotational speed domains.
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