The continuous increase in the amount of nitrogen fertilizers is considered to be an important factor in exerting the rice yield potential and achieving high yields. However, with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the utilization efficiency and production efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer tend to decrease in the current season, and water and air pollution are also caused in some areas with excessive nitrogen application. Therefore, reasonable application of potassium in paddy fields began to attract attention. In order to explore the characteristics of rice's absorption and accumulation of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, and the rational application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in rice production, the project team has conducted fertilization experiments on single-season rice, ratoon rice and double-season rice. The soil fertilizer detector can provide effective detection effect on the nitrogen fertilizer application in the soil and provide assistance for research.
When rice matures, the harvested crops are harvested in separate plots; on the day before harvest, the number of panicles of 50 clusters of rice plants is investigated in each plot to calculate the number of spikes per unit area; at the same time, the average number of spikelets per contig, based on the survey results of each large sample, The rice cultivars 5 clusters were examined for ear traits. The absorption and accumulation of nitrogen by rice were most abundant in the early stage of Honda (transplantation - indica differentiation), followed by Honda in the middle (fertile differentiation - full heading stage), and increased with the increase of N application rate. For the six nitrogen application rates, the net nitrogen accumulation in the early and intermediate periods accounted for 61.7% (51.7%-69.6%) and 30.6% (final variation) of the total final accumulation, respectively. 2%～25.8%); the net nitrogen accumulation of Putian period and late Honda period (full bloom period to mature period) is very small, accounting for 3.3% and 4.4% of the final total accumulation. The absorption and accumulation of potassium by rice increased in the middle period of Honda, followed by the previous period, and increased with the increase of potassium application rate. Six treatments with potassium application averaged, and the net potassium accumulation in the early and middle stages accounted for 45.3% of the final total accumulation (ranging from 47.8% to 44.5%) and 49.2%, respectively. 9% to 51.3%); the net accumulation of potassium in Putian and Honda was also small, accounting for 2.7% and 2.8% of the final total accumulation, respectively.
A comparative study of the determination results of the soil fertilizer tester found that in the past, research and development focused on high-yield, super-high-yield fertilization. In order to increase economic efficiency and protect the environment, it is necessary to turn to R&D economic fertilization in the future. Comparing the nitrogen application amount and nitrogen uptake amount of different fertilizers per 100kg of rice produced, it can be seen that the amount of uptake by rice increases with the increase of fertilizer application amount, but the increase is smaller than the increase of fertilizer application amount. When the maximum yield is reached, the amount of fertilizer is similar to the amount of nutrients, and the balance of soil nutrients is basically balanced. With this as the boundary, fertilization material is added. If the amount of fertilizer is less than the amount of fertilization, there will be a surplus of soil nutrient nutrients; as a result, the fertilization material will be used as the boundary, and the amount of fertilizer will be greater than the amount of fertilization, and there will be a deficiency of soil nutrients. To achieve the best economic efficiency, the amount of fertilizer is 60% to 70% of the amount of fertilizer. In the long run, will there be no soil nutrients to make ends meet, and land productivity will drop? However, after years of monitoring, effective soil nutrients have not been reduced in the economic fertilization test field, indicating that the soil bank has other fertilizer sources, such as organic fertilizer, in addition to the balance of fertilizer nutrients. , returning field straw, residual roots, legume crops and cash crop residual nutrients, and irrigation water containing nutrients.
When rice matures, the harvested crops are harvested in separate plots; on the day before harvest, the number of panicles of 50 clusters of rice plants is investigated in each plot to calculate the number of spikes per unit area; at the same time, the average number of spikelets per contig, based on the survey results of each large sample, The rice cultivars 5 clusters were examined for ear traits. The absorption and accumulation of nitrogen by rice were most abundant in the early stage of Honda (transplantation - indica differentiation), followed by Honda in the middle (fertile differentiation - full heading stage), and increased with the increase of N application rate. For the six nitrogen application rates, the net nitrogen accumulation in the early and intermediate periods accounted for 61.7% (51.7%-69.6%) and 30.6% (final variation) of the total final accumulation, respectively. 2%～25.8%); the net nitrogen accumulation of Putian period and late Honda period (full bloom period to mature period) is very small, accounting for 3.3% and 4.4% of the final total accumulation. The absorption and accumulation of potassium by rice increased in the middle period of Honda, followed by the previous period, and increased with the increase of potassium application rate. Six treatments with potassium application averaged, and the net potassium accumulation in the early and middle stages accounted for 45.3% of the final total accumulation (ranging from 47.8% to 44.5%) and 49.2%, respectively. 9% to 51.3%); the net accumulation of potassium in Putian and Honda was also small, accounting for 2.7% and 2.8% of the final total accumulation, respectively.
A comparative study of the determination results of the soil fertilizer tester found that in the past, research and development focused on high-yield, super-high-yield fertilization. In order to increase economic efficiency and protect the environment, it is necessary to turn to R&D economic fertilization in the future. Comparing the nitrogen application amount and nitrogen uptake amount of different fertilizers per 100kg of rice produced, it can be seen that the amount of uptake by rice increases with the increase of fertilizer application amount, but the increase is smaller than the increase of fertilizer application amount. When the maximum yield is reached, the amount of fertilizer is similar to the amount of nutrients, and the balance of soil nutrients is basically balanced. With this as the boundary, fertilization material is added. If the amount of fertilizer is less than the amount of fertilization, there will be a surplus of soil nutrient nutrients; as a result, the fertilization material will be used as the boundary, and the amount of fertilizer will be greater than the amount of fertilization, and there will be a deficiency of soil nutrients. To achieve the best economic efficiency, the amount of fertilizer is 60% to 70% of the amount of fertilizer. In the long run, will there be no soil nutrients to make ends meet, and land productivity will drop? However, after years of monitoring, effective soil nutrients have not been reduced in the economic fertilization test field, indicating that the soil bank has other fertilizer sources, such as organic fertilizer, in addition to the balance of fertilizer nutrients. , returning field straw, residual roots, legume crops and cash crop residual nutrients, and irrigation water containing nutrients.
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