I. Concept definition
At present, the analysis of wind power prices often mentions two commonly used concepts, one is the target price, and the other is the benchmark price. Therefore, it is necessary to define these two concepts first before conducting wind power price analysis.
(1) Target price
The basic meaning of the target electricity price refers to the electricity price of the wind power plant when the on-grid electricity price reaches or is equivalent to the average on-grid electricity price of the new thermal power plant under the influence of a series of policies and measures, which is called the target electricity price of wind power generation. The target price is not a category on the price classification, but merely a virtual price set to accommodate the research analysis. Its level depends mainly on the change in the level of thermal power prices. Therefore, the target price is different for different periods. In addition, there is still a regional difference in the target electricity price. Therefore, the local electricity price is different in different regions.
The determination of the target electricity price is actually to determine the national average price of thermal power. In general, the calculation of the most common main models in the country is selected to make the results more representative.
In the study of China's wind power economic incentive policy conducted by the Energy Research Institute of the State Planning Commission in 2002, the coal-fired units without desulfurization facilities were selected as comparison targets, and the on-grid price was set at 0.35 yuan/kWh. That is to say, if Wind power on-grid tariffs can be reduced to 0.35 yuan / kWh, which means that wind power has reached a level that can compete with conventional thermal power generation. This electricity price is the target electricity price for wind power generation.
(2) Benchmark price
The benchmark electricity price refers to the feed-in tariff under the conditions of not operating any preferential policies and operating in full commercial mode. To correctly determine the benchmark price, we first need to design a solution that reflects both the real situation and the future direction, in order to provide a scientific basis for further computational analysis and comparison. In the research, the benchmark scheme and its parameters are first determined. In this process, the large-scale unit and the trend of large-scale wind farms should be considered.
In the study of China's wind power economic incentive policy conducted by the Energy Research Institute of the State Planning Commission in 2002, the scale of the wind farm was assumed to be 100MW, and 167 wind turbines with a single unit capacity of 600KW were selected for calculation. The result is: power generation cost 0.32 yuan / kWh (20-year average), the average tax-included electricity price is 0.642 yuan / kWh (20 years), and the average tax-free electricity price is 0.548 yuan / kWh (20 years).
Second, the composition and influencing factors of wind power prices
(1) The composition of wind power prices
Under China's current financial accounting system, wind power prices consist of the following components:
On-grid tariff = power generation cost + tax + profit (after tax)
Power generation cost = depreciation + maintenance + wages + insurance + material costs + transfer fees + consumption + interest + other
Tax = VAT + VAT plus + income tax
VAT = sales revenue × 8.5% VAT additional = VAT × 8%
Income tax = (sales revenue - power generation costs - taxes) × 33%
Profit = electricity sales revenue - power generation costs - taxes
(2) Factors affecting wind power prices
There are many factors affecting wind power prices, and there are five main aspects:
First, the state of resources directly affects the amount of electricity generated.
Second, the system cost, including the unit cost and the cost of supporting facilities.
Third, the policy impact is mainly the state's preferential policies on taxation, financing, on-grid tariffs, and whether to introduce new operational mechanisms.
Fourth, market conditions, that is, the market demand for wind power. China's wind power market is directly related to production costs and electricity prices.
Fifth, the calculation method mainly refers to whether the dynamic calculation method or the static calculation method is adopted; whether the average electricity price is determined according to the operation period, or whether the repayment period and the repayment price are different, and the method is different, and the electricity price level is different.
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