China's industrial manufacturing to implement the 2025 plan, the need to establish a life-cycle management philosophy can not only focus on the price and ignore the quality. Recently, some experts said that from a resource strategy perspective, the less China imports copper, the less its dependence on the outside world, because copper can be recycled. With the continuous accumulation of China's imports of copper, China has accumulated more and more abundant copper resources, forming a huge urban mineral deposits, instead of dependence on foreign imports but declining year by year.
State Grid Corporation of China "asset life cycle management system" provides: "In the bidding, bidding, bid evaluation, comprehensive consideration of asset life cycle costs, cost-effective as the goal, to increase the weight of the quality assessment elements to optimize the evaluation rules, According to the principle of selection and strong ". In accordance with the above principles, the industry through research and analysis, the conductivity of aluminum cables, resistivity, safety, high temperature and other core indicators lower than the copper cable, and the cost of the whole life cycle and copper cables were basically the same.
According to Chen Yimin, an associate professor at Beijing University of Architecture, the aluminum alloy used as a conductor is an alternative conductor material for cables that began extensive research in the 1960s and 1970s due to the rapid rise in copper prices.
Aluminum alloy used as the conductor mainly AA1000 series, that is, pure aluminum, AA6000 and AA8000 series conductor. AA1000 series conductor is mainly used in high-voltage overhead lines; AA6000Al-Mg-Si (Al-Mg-Si) series conductor is mainly used in high-voltage overhead lines and aluminum busbar.
These two types of conductors are based on the existence of hard conductors, connectors to the main welding. AA8000Al-Mg-Cu-Fe series is a kind of soft aluminum alloy that is really used in distribution line.
According to reports, in North America AA8000Al-Mg-Cu-Fe (Al-Mg-Cu-Fe) series is used in the field of low-voltage power distribution. However, in Europe, the aluminum alloy cable has not been recognized by the developed countries in Europe. European countries basically take the solution of copper cable and pure aluminum cable.
At present, European countries have not adopted the technical route of aluminum alloy cables, mainly from four aspects.
First, from the copper cable and aluminum cable electrical performance comparison. Copper and aluminum materials have significant differences in electrical and mechanical properties. Aluminum conductors are similar in electrical conductivity and resistivity to pure aluminum, so the electrical properties of the copper cable can only be achieved with larger cross-sections.
This means that from the aluminum alloy cable conductivity and resistivity of the two most basic performance of the cable point of view, there is no substantial improvement over the pure aluminum, which is why European countries choose not to use aluminum cables.
Second, from copper cable and aluminum cable energy consumption point of view. Due to the crisis of energy shortage awareness, European countries are very concerned about the energy consumption of materials. GPHamon Mond and CI Jones, University of Bath, UK, conducted an in-depth study of the energy consumption involved in the production and use of different raw materials used in the grid.
The results show that aluminum in the production and use of energy consumption is about 3 times the copper. Aluminum and aluminum alloy cables consume much less energy than copper cables in production and use, so European countries do not choose to use aluminum cables.
Third, from the carbon emissions and environmental impact comparison. Aluminum alloy cables are significantly higher than copper cables. According to the results of carbon dioxide emissions from the production and use of different raw materials used in the power grid by GP Hamonton and CI Jones of the University of Bath in the United Kingdom, aluminum dioxide emits twice as much carbon dioxide as copper.
In addition, WimBOONE in the Netherlands and Arnav KACKER in Germany pointed out in their article "An extensive comparison of copper or aluminum conductor cables from a life-cycle perspective" that the environmental impact (acidification potential) of aluminum cables is higher than that of copper cables.
Fourth, from the perspective of total life cycle costs. The price of aluminum is far lower than that of copper, so that the aluminum alloy cable also has the price advantage and brings profit margins for the cable enterprises. However, compared with the cable life cycle cost in Europe, the aluminum alloy cable and Copper cable compared to no obvious advantage conclusion.
Typically, power cables are available for more than 35 to 50 years. However, cable investment decisions are made mainly based on investment costs, which neglect the possible cost savings associated with cable service life. Cable total cost of ownership (ie, life cycle costs) should consider not only the initial cost of the cable, but also the operational and maintenance costs of the cable over its lifetime.
Therefore, the overall life cycle cost indicators, including the cost of cable use, use and maintenance costs, installation and use costs, power loss costs, residual value and governance costs.
If only consider the one-time investment and procurement costs, aluminum and aluminum cables undoubtedly have a tremendous advantage, but from the copper and aluminum cable life cycle cost analysis, the cost of copper and aluminum almost no difference, but the copper cable is better than Aluminum cable. (Luo Yuhua)
State Grid Corporation of China "asset life cycle management system" provides: "In the bidding, bidding, bid evaluation, comprehensive consideration of asset life cycle costs, cost-effective as the goal, to increase the weight of the quality assessment elements to optimize the evaluation rules, According to the principle of selection and strong ". In accordance with the above principles, the industry through research and analysis, the conductivity of aluminum cables, resistivity, safety, high temperature and other core indicators lower than the copper cable, and the cost of the whole life cycle and copper cables were basically the same.
According to Chen Yimin, an associate professor at Beijing University of Architecture, the aluminum alloy used as a conductor is an alternative conductor material for cables that began extensive research in the 1960s and 1970s due to the rapid rise in copper prices.
Aluminum alloy used as the conductor mainly AA1000 series, that is, pure aluminum, AA6000 and AA8000 series conductor. AA1000 series conductor is mainly used in high-voltage overhead lines; AA6000Al-Mg-Si (Al-Mg-Si) series conductor is mainly used in high-voltage overhead lines and aluminum busbar.
These two types of conductors are based on the existence of hard conductors, connectors to the main welding. AA8000Al-Mg-Cu-Fe series is a kind of soft aluminum alloy that is really used in distribution line.
According to reports, in North America AA8000Al-Mg-Cu-Fe (Al-Mg-Cu-Fe) series is used in the field of low-voltage power distribution. However, in Europe, the aluminum alloy cable has not been recognized by the developed countries in Europe. European countries basically take the solution of copper cable and pure aluminum cable.
At present, European countries have not adopted the technical route of aluminum alloy cables, mainly from four aspects.
First, from the copper cable and aluminum cable electrical performance comparison. Copper and aluminum materials have significant differences in electrical and mechanical properties. Aluminum conductors are similar in electrical conductivity and resistivity to pure aluminum, so the electrical properties of the copper cable can only be achieved with larger cross-sections.
This means that from the aluminum alloy cable conductivity and resistivity of the two most basic performance of the cable point of view, there is no substantial improvement over the pure aluminum, which is why European countries choose not to use aluminum cables.
Second, from copper cable and aluminum cable energy consumption point of view. Due to the crisis of energy shortage awareness, European countries are very concerned about the energy consumption of materials. GPHamon Mond and CI Jones, University of Bath, UK, conducted an in-depth study of the energy consumption involved in the production and use of different raw materials used in the grid.
The results show that aluminum in the production and use of energy consumption is about 3 times the copper. Aluminum and aluminum alloy cables consume much less energy than copper cables in production and use, so European countries do not choose to use aluminum cables.
Third, from the carbon emissions and environmental impact comparison. Aluminum alloy cables are significantly higher than copper cables. According to the results of carbon dioxide emissions from the production and use of different raw materials used in the power grid by GP Hamonton and CI Jones of the University of Bath in the United Kingdom, aluminum dioxide emits twice as much carbon dioxide as copper.
In addition, WimBOONE in the Netherlands and Arnav KACKER in Germany pointed out in their article "An extensive comparison of copper or aluminum conductor cables from a life-cycle perspective" that the environmental impact (acidification potential) of aluminum cables is higher than that of copper cables.
Fourth, from the perspective of total life cycle costs. The price of aluminum is far lower than that of copper, so that the aluminum alloy cable also has the price advantage and brings profit margins for the cable enterprises. However, compared with the cable life cycle cost in Europe, the aluminum alloy cable and Copper cable compared to no obvious advantage conclusion.
Typically, power cables are available for more than 35 to 50 years. However, cable investment decisions are made mainly based on investment costs, which neglect the possible cost savings associated with cable service life. Cable total cost of ownership (ie, life cycle costs) should consider not only the initial cost of the cable, but also the operational and maintenance costs of the cable over its lifetime.
Therefore, the overall life cycle cost indicators, including the cost of cable use, use and maintenance costs, installation and use costs, power loss costs, residual value and governance costs.
If only consider the one-time investment and procurement costs, aluminum and aluminum cables undoubtedly have a tremendous advantage, but from the copper and aluminum cable life cycle cost analysis, the cost of copper and aluminum almost no difference, but the copper cable is better than Aluminum cable. (Luo Yuhua)
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