A new study released by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) in Beijing shows that by 2050, clean and economical renewable energy can fully meet the global energy demand.
The report pointed out that the current energy model based on fossil fuels is not sustainable. Continuing this model will further increase the scarcity of energy. At the same time, it will need to obtain energy from more complex and volatile areas of environmental and political factors. This will eventually lead to higher and more volatile energy prices. The report said that it is foreseeable that energy security will continue to face challenges from energy supply disruptions, accidents and disputes.
More importantly, emissions from fossil fuels account for about two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions, and are the most important factors affecting climate change so far.
The report stated that more than 80% of the world's energy is currently derived from fossil fuels. By 2050, fossil fuels, nuclear energy and traditional bioenergy will be almost completely eliminated.
WWF Global Director James Lipp points out: "If we continue to rely on fossil fuels, we will face even more severe problems in energy prices, energy security and climate change in the future. This study provides a more promising and practical solution. Energy alternatives. In 40 years, the global prosperity and development will depend entirely on clean and economical renewable energy. By that time, the quality of people’s lives will also be greatly improved.â€
The report shows that although the global population will increase in the next few decades, industrial expansion, aviation and tourism will increase energy consumption, but due to the improvement of energy efficiency, global energy demand in 2050 will still be 15% lower than in 2005. By then, 95% of global energy demand will come from renewable energy, which can meet the energy needs of electricity, transportation, industry and households. At the same time, due to the increase in the use of renewable energy and the reduction of total energy consumption, the CO2 emissions from energy supply will likely be reduced by more than 80% compared with 1990.
To achieve this goal, the report proposes that the future will focus on improving energy efficiency in the construction, transportation, and industrial sectors, as well as strengthening renewable energy generation and smart grid transmission control to meet the increasing energy demand.
The report also proposes that by increasing energy efficiency and reducing fuel costs, by 2050, the annual energy use cost can save nearly 4 trillion euros compared with the current model. Prior to this, it was necessary to substantially increase capital investment to install large-scale renewable energy power generation equipment and modernize the power grid.
The report said that in the next 25 years, spending will increase from an average of 1 trillion euros to an average of 3.5 trillion euros per year. And these investments will be recovered around 2040. At this time, the savings will exceed the cost.
An energy expert from the National Development and Reform Commission believes that the report's conclusion is "shocking" and depicts a good blueprint, but it is also "romantic" and "ideal." He said that in the field of energy conservation and emission reduction, we must look to the blue sky for down-to-earth grounds. The governments of various countries need to make political commitments and increase investment to solve problems with technology.
In fact, some major developing countries have shown strong confidence in renewable energy prospects. At the climate conference in Copenhagen, China promised that by 2020 the carbon emissions per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) will fall by 40% to 45% compared to 2005. During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 19.06%, basically reaching the target of a 20% reduction.
The expert said that China is still in the process of industrialization and needs a lot of steel, cement, and building materials. This goal is a very big pressure for China. In the process of industrialization, no country's energy consumption has declined, and China is at the forefront in dealing with climate change.
In 2009, China added 37 kilowatts of renewable energy, resulting in a total installed capacity of 226 kilowatts of renewable energy, which is equivalent to four times the total peak electricity consumption in the UK and twice the total electricity consumption in Africa. It is reported that the state's emerging energy industry plan has been submitted to the State Council, and cumulative investment has increased by 5 trillion yuan.
Hou Yanli, director of the WWF China Climate and Energy Project, said: "China is making great efforts to develop renewable energy and improve energy efficiency. It shows a good momentum. WWF hopes to see what everyone expects in the forthcoming 12th Five-Year Plan. Improved energy efficiency and renewable energy development goals, because this will not only help China change the current coal-dominated energy use model, but also effectively control the increasing greenhouse gas emissions."
This energy report was jointly developed by WWF and energy consulting agency Ecofys and it took two years to complete.
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