In mining production activities, roof accidents are the most common accidents, and the causes of roof accidents are:
(1) Unreasonable mining methods and poor roof management. Unreasonable mining methods, improper mining operations, rock blasting, and scaffolding are an important cause of such accidents.
(2) Lack of effective support. Improper care, lack of timely support or lack of brackets, the initial support of the bracket and the pressure of the roof are not another important cause of such accidents.
(3) Inconsistent inspection and negligence. In the roof accident, many accidents were caused by the lack of serious and comprehensive inspections in advance, negligence, and failure to seriously implement the “knocking and asking top†system.
(4) Geological conditions are not good. Geological structures such as faults and folds form fracture zones, or due to joints and bedding development, the stability of the roof is destroyed, and roof accidents are prone to occur.
(5) Ground pressure activities. Ground pressure activities are also an important cause of roof accidents.
(6) Other reasons. Failure to comply with the operating procedures, failure to deal with problems in a timely manner, irregular working cycle of the working surface, blasting collapse brackets, etc. are likely to cause roof accidents.
Roof accidents can be inspected and observed using simple methods and instruments. Commonly used simple methods include wood wedge method, marking method, listening judgment method, and vibration method. It is also possible to observe the top plate and the ground pressure activity by using a top alarm device, a mechanical dynamometer, a steel string pressure gauge, a geophone, and the like.
2. Roof accident prevention technology
To prevent the occurrence of roof accidents, it is necessary to strictly abide by safety technical regulations and take comprehensive preventive measures from various aspects.
(1) Choose a reasonable mining method. Choosing a reasonable mining method, formulating specific safety technical operating procedures, and establishing a normal production and operation system are important measures to prevent roof accidents.
(2) Do a good job in geological surveys. The geological structure of the mining face passing through the area must be investigated clearly, and reliable safety technical measures should be taken when passing through the geological structure belt.
(3) Strengthen the support and maintenance of the roof of the working face. In order to prevent the occurrence of roof accidents, the distance between the permanent support and the heading face shall not exceed the requirements specified in the regulations, and shall not be operated under the empty roof. Temporary support should also be carried out between the excavation face and the permanent support. Brackets that are found to be bent, skewed, broken, and deformed must be replaced or repaired in a timely manner.
(4) Adhere to regular circulation operations.
(5) Strict roof monitoring system.
(6) Handling the gobs in time.
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