The "Safety Operation Procedure for CNC Lathes" formulated by the Training Center is very detailed. From the preparation stage to the processing stage, there are very detailed requirements. For the parts that are prone to safety hazards, such as establishing a working coordinate system, graphic simulation, automatic machining, etc. Special tips were also made. If you strictly follow the "Safety Operation Procedure for CNC Lathes", it will be a good way to prevent accidents.
Use various technical means to improve the safety of students' internships 3.1 Reasonable setting of hard limit In order to ensure the safety of CNC equipment, limit switches are installed at both ends of each axis of the machine tool to prevent the chuck from moving out of the end of the tool holder. Or a serious accident in the tailstock. However, the hard limit should be set reasonably, and the responsibility will not achieve the expected results. The training center purchased a batch of CNC lathes. During the inspection, it was found that the manufacturer set the limit switch on the +Z axis, which is set at the left end of the tool holder with respect to the right end of the chuck facing 10 mm to the right. In fact, this setting is not safe (the reason why the manufacturer is set up this time may be because the new machine tool does not have the claws and the turning tool holder). After the jaws and the turning tool holder are installed, the tool holder still has a collision when the operation is mishandled. The danger of the chuck. Because the claw protrudes more than 10mm to the right with respect to the right end of the chuck (the length of the extension depends on the size of the claw), the clip of the turning tool extends a certain distance from the left end of the tool holder to the left. For example, the boring tool holder purchased by our training center is about 20mm to the left. Their relative positions are as shown.
The correct setting + Z-axis limit switch should be 5-10 mm to the right of the right end of the turning tool holder with respect to the right end of the claw. Since the clips and jaws are made of hardened steel, they have a great impact on the machine in the event of a collision. After the limit switch is properly set, even if a collision occurs by mistake, it can only happen between the tool and the workpiece. The material of the CNC internship is generally a soft aluminum material, which has less impact on the machine tool in the event of a collision, and at the same time ensures that the jaws and the tool holder are not damaged.
Tool holder and chuck position 3.2 Setting the software limit in the CNC system The so-called software limit is relative to the hardware limit. It refers to the area in the program or memory that the tool cannot enter.
Benefits of setting soft limits: 1 Define the area where the chuck and blank are located when the student starts, where the tool cannot enter. In this way, students can ensure the safety of CNC equipment even in the early stage of learning, such as practice input program, hand wheel operation, graphic simulation, etc. 2 It works with the hard limit to double insurance. If the hardware limit device fails, a reasonable software limit can ensure the safety of the device. CNC lathes have many operating systems, and their setup methods vary, but the concept is the same. The FANUC0i system is taken as an example to illustrate the method of setting the software limit.
The FANUC0i system uses the parameters in the systerm to set the forbidden zone that the tool cannot enter. Usually, the area specified by the stored type travel limit check 1, the stored type travel limit check 2, and the stored type travel limit check 3 cannot be entered. The setting area is as shown.
Stroke check When the tool exceeds the stored travel limit, the machine displays an alarm and the tool decelerates and stops. When the tool breaks into the restricted area and an alarm is generated, the tool can move in the opposite direction as it enters.
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