At present, merchant ships generally have ballast water tanks at the bottom. The water tanks are filled with sea water at the starting port where the empty ships sail to maintain the balance of navigation on the way of the ship; when the goods are loaded at the destination port, the water in the water tanks is discharged. This traditional concept of ballast water tank has two major drawbacks: the empty ship sails because the water tank is filled with sea water to increase the weight, so that the ship increases fuel consumption; the sea water loaded in the water tank is discharged from the port to the port, causing marine ecological damage and pollution. .
The design concept of the new concept ship developed by the University of the United States is to eliminate the ballast tank and replace it with a large-scale pipeline "water flow box" in which two seawater can flow in the tank. When the empty ship leaves the port, the front and rear covers of the large pipe are opened, and the seawater flows naturally. As the ship sails, the seawater flows from the pipe to the front and back, keeping the ship in balance; when the cargo ship is sailing, the seawater in the two large pipes is discharged. Drop and close the front and rear covers.
It is reported that the US Ocean Research Institute has provided a fund for this purpose to help the University of Missouri to conduct a navigation test on the non-ballasted tank cargo ship. The results proved that the ship did not have any problems, at the same time, it also proved that this method can save the ship power by 7.3%. It is estimated that if a 32,000 dwt bulk carrier is fully loaded from Ontario to the European port, round-trip navigation can save $150,000 worth of fuel. The researchers said that because the seawater flows from the front to the back in the two large pipes installed at the bottom of the ship, the water flow can help the propellers to accelerate the rotation speed while saving energy.
Iron-based alloy powder is commonly used in plasma transfer arc welding (PTAW) due to its excellent mechanical properties and high resistance to corrosion and heat. This type of powder is typically composed of iron as the base metal, along with various alloying elements such as nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten.
The specific composition of the iron-based alloy powder may vary depending on the desired properties and application requirements. For example, adding nickel can increase the strength and toughness of the weld, while chromium enhances the corrosion resistance. Molybdenum and tungsten are often added to improve the high-temperature strength and creep resistance of the weld.
Iron-based alloy powders for PTAW are available in various particle sizes, typically ranging from a few micrometers to several hundred micrometers. The powder is usually fed into the plasma arc through a powder feeder, which ensures a controlled and consistent supply of powder during the welding process.
During PTAW, the powder is melted and deposited onto the workpiece, forming a weld bead. The high energy plasma arc provides the heat necessary to melt the powder and the base metal, creating a strong and durable weld joint.
Overall, iron-based alloy powder for plasma transfer arc welding offers excellent weldability, high mechanical properties, and resistance to corrosion and heat, making it suitable for a wide range of applications in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and power generation.
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