The production of plastic products is based on the development and design of plastic molds. Plastic molds are the basic tools for producing plastic products. The precision of molds directly affects the structural integrity and dimensional accuracy of plastic products. The production of various types of plastic products requires plastic mold design, manufacturing, injection molding and surface treatment, among which precision mold structure, surface quality and technical standards require high technology and capital intensive products, the production process requires the application of high-speed processing And super-finishing technology, rapid prototyping technology, automatic control technology, polymer materials processing and application technology, involving mechanical, metal materials, polymer materials, chemical materials, electronic and electrical, automation control and other fields, the high technical requirements.
1. General situation of plastic products industry
Plastics are synthetic materials or natural high molecular compounds as raw materials, plasticizers, fillers, lubricants, injection molding agents and other additives as auxiliary components, made under certain temperature and pressure plastic materials and a small amount of solid materials. Plastics have been widely used in modern society due to their light weight, high plasticity, low manufacturing cost, and wide range of functions. At present, synthetic polymer materials have become an indispensable new material for human beings. Together with steel, wood and cement, they constitute the four basic materials in modern society. They are one of the basic materials supporting the development of modern society and are widely used in information, Energy, industry, agriculture, transportation, and other national economic fields. In recent years, the rapid development of China's plastic products industry, the scale has continued to expand and become an important part of China's national economy.
In 2013, the output of China's plastic products was 61,886,600 tons, an increase of 8.02% over the same period of the previous year. As of December 2014, there were 14,062 enterprises above the scale of plastic products; the main business income was 2,039.239 billion yuan, an increase of 8.92% year-on-year; and the total profit was 1,182.86 billion yuan, up year-on-year. The increase was 4.24%; the export delivery value was 220.666 billion yuan, an increase of 2.82% over the same period last year. It can be seen that the industry scale of the plastic products industry in China is continuously expanding, and its output is also increasing year by year. The year-on-year growth rate has slowed down in the past two years.
From the perspective of the fine-molecule industry in the plastics industry, plastic tubing and fittings, plastic filaments and woven products in plastic packaging are the most widely used categories of plastics, followed by plastic film and plastic packaging containers, plastic products for daily use and plastic parts. Manufacturing later.
Among them, the main business income and export delivery value of plastic parts manufacturing industry showed an upward trend in the past five years. The growth rate was particularly rapid between 2010 and 2011. The main business revenue increased by nearly 200% from RMB 372.282 billion to RMB 709.959 billion. The delivery value increased from RMB 63.579 billion to RMB 1111.426 billion. Although the growth rate slowed down between 2012 and 2014, the main business income continued to expand, reaching RMB 934.413 billion by 2014.
2, mold manufacturing industry overview
Mold is a basic process equipment made of plastics, rubber, metal, powder, glass, fiberglass and other materials processed by processing equipment. It belongs to intermediate products in the production process and is used for the production of final products. Mold processing is one of the important methods for material forming. Compared with mechanical processing, it has the advantages of fewer working procedures, high material utilization, low energy consumption, easy production, and high efficiency. Therefore, it is used in automobiles, energy, machinery, electronics, information, and aviation. It is widely used in the production of aerospace industry and daily necessities. According to statistics, 75% of rough processing industrial parts and 50% of finished parts are formed by molds. 80% of household appliances and over 70% of parts in the electromechanical industry require mold processing. The mold industry can often drive the development of related industries. Therefore, the mold industry is often referred to as a benefit amplifier.
Although China's mold industry started earlier, but has been an affiliate of downstream production companies in the early days, the circulation rate of mold products is low, which limits the development of mold enterprises. Until 1987, molds were included in the catalogue of electromechanical products as products. At that time, there were about 6,000 factories producing molds nationwide, with a total output value of about 3 billion yuan. After more than 20 years of development, China's mold industry has made considerable progress. By 2013, the number of companies reached 30,000, the annual production value reached 220 billion yuan, and the annual export was close to 5 billion US dollars. At present, the largest market for China's mold industry is the automotive industry, electronic information industry, home appliances and office equipment, machinery and building materials industries. With the rapid development of China’s national economy and the increase in people’s income levels, the demand for automobiles, electronic consumer products, and home appliances is increasing. These industries have entered a period of rapid development in recent years and have become an important factor in the rapid development of the mold industry in China. the reason. The figure below shows the output value of China's molds from 2007 to 2013. It can be seen that in recent years, the output value of China's mold industry has grown rapidly. It has grown from 87 billion yuan in 2007 to 210.6 billion yuan in 2013, which is much higher than the world mold industry. The overall level.
3, mold and plastic products industry trends
With the gradual transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure, the increasing proportion of high-end products, and the improvement of basic supporting services, the growth in the output of plastic products has slowed but its value space is still large, and the output value can maintain a relatively high growth rate. It can be seen that plastics increase Industry is still in a rising stage. As one of the indicators to measure the development level of a country's plastics industry, China's plastic ratio is only 30:70, which is less than the average 50:50 in the world, and far less than the developed countries such as Germany's 63:37 and the United States' 70:30. Therefore, as technological progress and consumption upgrades, China's plastic products industry will continue to develop steadily.
The mold industry belongs to the basic industry in the national economy. It specifically covers various industries such as machinery, automobiles, light industry, electronics, chemical industry, metallurgy, and building materials, and has a wide range of applications. China's industrial development is rapid. The development of automobile manufacturing, IT manufacturing and medical equipment has brought the opportunity for development of the entire mold industry.
At present, China is in the transitional period of the industrial structure. The country's goal for the emerging industries is as follows: By 2020, the value-added ratio of the strategic emerging industries to the GDP will reach about 15%. To reach the target of 15%, among the seven strategic emerging industries, the high-end equipment manufacturing industry will be vigorously developed as the pillar industry of the national economy. The mold industry, which is the mother of modern industry, will benefit from the development of high-end equipment manufacturing industry. .
4, the relationship with the industry upstream and downstream
The company's current products are mainly plastic molds and plastic products, so the company's upstream industry is die steel manufacturers, plastic raw material manufacturers, CNC machine tool manufacturers, ink raw material manufacturers, downstream for the automotive, consumer electronics, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and medical manufacturers .
(1) Upstream industry
The mold steel in the precision plastic mold is the main component of the mold core that constitutes the main part of the molding production. Its price accounts for about 25% of the total mold cost. The development of the mold steel has great influence on the development of the precision plastic mold industry. In the current high-precision plastic mold mold high-precision, smooth surface and long life requirements, the processing technology of the mold steel is increasingly demanding, mold steel quality to promote precision plastic mold products to high-grade, precision, and diverse The direction of development, personalization and high added value is of great significance.
CNC machine tools are the main processing equipment in the precision plastic mold industry. The development of CNC machine tools is of great significance for improving the accuracy, smoothness, and service life of precision plastic molds. Moreover, the development of processing equipment can effectively shorten the mold manufacturing cycle and reduce the cost of mold production. At the same time, due to the high price of CNC machine tools, its proportion of fixed assets in the industry is large. The increase in machining accuracy and the decrease in machine tool prices brought about by the vigorous development of the CNC machine tool industry have played an important role in the development of the industry.
PC materials, ABS, HIPS, PP, PET and other engineering plastics are the main materials for the molding of the precision plastic mold industry. They not only have a direct impact on the quality of injection molding products, but the adequacy of the supply volume also affects mold injection molding to a great extent. Product production. The quantity and price of plastic raw materials have a direct decisive effect on the output and price of injection molded products.
(2) Downstream industries
The needs of downstream industries determine the development of the mold and plastic products industry. Since the mold products cannot be used for final consumption, the demand of the mold industry products depends on the market demand for the downstream industry products. Therefore, the demand of the downstream industry determines the development of the mold industry. However, the development of the mold industry is not determined solely by the needs of an industry, but is determined by the development of the entire national economy.
The development of the mold industry has driven the development of the downstream industry. The mold industry is the gold standard of the national economy. The development of a national and regional mold industry can effectively promote the development of other industries. At the same time, with the improvement of the technical level of the mold industry, the improvement of processing accuracy will increase the product quality and performance of the downstream industry, thus promoting the development of the downstream industry.
As the products of the mold industry are not final products, but are only processing tools in the final product production process, the overall demand of the downstream industry directly determines the demand of the mold industry. If the downstream industry develops rapidly, it will substantially increase the demand of the mold industry. Promote the development of mold enterprises.
1) The automotive market has huge market potential
In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and the development of the road transport industry, the production, sales volume and car ownership of the automotive industry in China have increased year by year. Since 2000, the Chinese auto market has maintained a rapid development. The annual output has increased from 2.07 million in 2000 to 22.12 million in 2013. Sales volume has increased from 2.09 million units to 21.98 million units, and the compound annual growth rate has reached 20%. China has surpassed the United States to become the world's largest automotive market.
2) Rapid development of electronic information industry
Since the reform and opening up, China's electronic information industry has developed rapidly, and its industrial scale, industrial structure and technological level have been greatly improved. As one of the pillar industries of China's national economy, electronic and telecommunications products manufacturing is a basic industry and a strategic industry related to the country’s economic lifeline and national security.
On October 10, 2010, the State Council issued “Guo Fa [2010] No. 32†and “Decision of the State Council on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industriesâ€. China plans to use 20 years for energy conservation and environmental protection, and a new generation of information technology. The strategic innovation industry's overall innovation capability and industrial development level have reached the world's advanced level, providing strong support for sustainable economic and social development. The electronic information industry has benefited from policy support and will grow rapidly in the future with a huge market capacity. With the development of IT electronic products, the electronic mold market will continue to maintain a steady development trend.
5, industry barriers
(1) Scale Barriers
To become a comprehensive mold manufacturer requires the purchase of a large number of machinery, equipment, and instruments, and the introduction of professional and technical personnel requires a lot of funds. Demand for funding scales will allow other companies to enter a high threshold across the industry. At the same time, precision equipment tooling companies are mainly targeted at large companies. Large companies often have large business scales. This requires that mold companies, which are an important part of their supply chain, must have a relatively large scale of production. Effectively reduce procurement costs and production costs.
(2) Technical Barriers
The mold industry needs strong technical strength. From the 3D design of products, to mold making, injection molding, assembly, and surface treatment, the processes are relatively complicated, and these processes interact with each other and must be coordinated before and after. Therefore, mold processing technology, quality control level, and production management technology are all very important and require long-term practice and accumulation. At the same time, due to the rapid replacement of plastic products, mold companies need to continuously update and improve mold technology, quality control and production management.
(3) Experience barriers
In the mold manufacturing process, mistakes or errors in the design, programming, and operation can cause the mold to be different from the customer's sample and lead to mold repair. In severe cases, the manufacturing must be redesigned. Repairing the mold will increase the manufacturing cost of the mold manufacturing company and reduce the profit. Once there is a situation in which the mold must be rebuilt, the order of the mold manufacturing enterprise must be lost. Therefore, how to avoid the mold repairing, report damage, and rework caused by man-made causes becomes a mold enterprise. The most important thing. Only through constant practice and long-term accumulation can mould companies continue to improve their production management capabilities, establish a set of effective process operation standards, reduce the number of corporate repairs, and eliminate the phenomenon of reinvention. This must be accumulated through a long period of time, not what the newcomers can have within a short period of time.
(4) Qualification barriers
The quality customers in the plastic mold industry are mostly large-scale manufacturers at home and abroad, and their standards for qualified suppliers are also more stringent. In addition to meeting industry standards, they must pass strict supplier qualification certification. Once the qualified supplier qualification is confirmed, manufacturers often do not easily change the mold supply channels to ensure product quality and maintain the stability of supply. Such strict supplier qualifications and stable customer relationships based on long-term cooperation have formed extremely strong qualification barriers for newly entered companies.
6, industry competition
The mold industry belongs to the basic industry in the machinery industry. Each country has its own mold enterprise. However, due to the difference in the level of economic development and the direction of development in various countries, there is a large gap in the mold industry technology level in various countries. At present, the world has formed several major mold-producing countries, mainly China in Asia, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, as well as the United States in the Americas and Germany in Europe.
Japan, the United States, and Germany have advanced science and technology, advanced mold processing machinery, and a well-developed talent cultivation system. Therefore, in terms of high-precision and complex mold development, they are ahead of domestic companies in terms of design capability or manufacturing technology. However, due to the high labor costs in these countries, customers have shifted their manufacturing bases to developing countries represented by China in order to reduce expenditures. Due to the regional nature of mold supply, each mold manufacturer had to follow its major customers to establish a manufacturing base in the local area, serve its main customers nearby, and promote the development of the mold industry in the region, thereby narrowing the technology between developing and developed countries. gap. At present, the domestic injection mold industry is fiercely competitive, and the manufacturers' process conditions are uneven, and most of them are not large-scale.
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