Abstract: In the course of military operations, it is necessary to provide the troops with the appropriate number of personnel, equipment and supplies at the exact location and time, that is, the assets in the logistics support must be highly transparent. RFID technology provides a convenient solution for automatically obtaining information on storage, in-service and in-use asset visualization. This paper details the application advantages of RFID in equipment logistics, technical barriers and RFID technical requirements for military containers.
Keywords: radio frequency identification, equipment logistics, technical barriers, military containers, technical requirements Discussion about the Requirement of IC Tag Used in Logistics for War Preparation
Liu Kesheng Ji Hongren Wang Tiening
Abstract:In military action, the troops need adequate soldiers, equipments and supplies at the limited time and exact place. In other words, the assets of real service indemnification should be visibility. RFID provided a rather convenient solution to gain automatically assets visible messages which Wes saving transporting or using. The article describes the advantages for using RFID in equipment logistics, technique huddle and condition in military container.
Keywords:RFID, equipment logistics, technique huddle, military container, technique condition
1 Introduction In the first Gulf War, the US military sent a large number of combatants and supplies to the front line. This was the largest logistics operation of the US military after World War II. However, when the logistics task was completed, the US military found that the logistics work was far from meeting the requirements. The US military did not have any tools or methods to make up for the logistical shortcomings. In fact, the logistics work in the first Gulf War was merely to transport combatants and materials to the front, which was a manifestation of “strong†logistics. Because the military lacks complete information on almost any material, it has neither good tracking ability nor full-capacity visualization capability, so that materials can enter the logistics channel when the demand is unclear, so that no real tracking can be obtained.
In general, if the commanders on the front line are unable to determine what they have on hand and when the required supplies arrive, etc., they will apply for more supplies. The front-line supply of non-commissioned officers did not have a logistics plan that matched the war plan. They lack the necessary understanding of when supplies arrive where they are. All the work is carried out in chaos, and the US Central Command is also helpless. This is a veritable "powerful logistics." Because it is impossible to know the status of the goods, the soldiers do not know whether the materials they have applied for have been issued, so they often apply excessively.
After the war, the US Department of Defense began testing new tracking technologies to capture the movements of logistics. After the Gulf War in 1991, the US military provided rapid and accurate logistical support to the combat troops in order to solve the serious practical problems in the process of requesting, transporting, and distributing materials. The US Department of Defense officially proposed the entire assets in April 1992. Visibility plan. The so-called visibility of assets refers to timely and accurate information on the quantity, location, status and characteristics of troops, personnel, equipment and supplies, etc., and comprehensively improve the logistics support capability. As a goal of the US military logistics revolution, joint asset visibility is an important part of the US Department of Defense's logistics development strategy plan. According to the new concept, the US military logistics should be able to provide the appropriate number of personnel, equipment and supplies to the joint operations forces at the exact location and time throughout the various military operations. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to achieve a high degree of transparency in assets in logistics support. And radio frequency identification is undoubtedly a convenient and flexible solution for automatically obtaining visibility information in storage, in transit and in use assets.
2. Advantages of using RFID technology in equipment logistics Equipment logistics refers to the equipment, procurement, storage, transportation, supply, use, scrapping, recycling, etc., as well as packaging, processing and maintenance of military equipment during normal training, duty and wartime. Throughout the life cycle of functions such as repairs, the entire process of time and space transfer is realized. The core objective of researching equipment logistics is to solve the problem of “fast, accurate and efficient†protection of equipment and materials in peacetime and wartime. Equipment logistics is a complex, comprehensive and complete system. Equipment refers to the collective name of weapons, weapon systems and other military technical equipment used to implement and guarantee military operations. It mainly refers to weapons, ammunition, vehicles, equipment and equipment within the armed forces.
In the logistics support of military equipment, the quickness and smoothness of information is the basic prerequisite for the success of the system. In particular, the protection of equipment, due to the wide variety, brings great problems to the supply and management of equipment. RFID technology can accurately acquire the complete information of the equipment at the fastest speed without opening the box, carry out visual equipment management, improve the efficiency of equipment logistics support, and reduce operating costs. At the same time, because RFID does not need to contact identification, no need for visual recognition, oil resistance, dust resistance, and environmental adaptability, it is especially suitable for field supply and identification of equipment. Therefore, RFID has an important significance in equipment management.
One of the main applications of RFID in logistics is the tracking of logistics. The main task of RFID is to increase productivity and limit human intervention through automation, avoid human error; obtain rapid logistics management, obtain real-time supply chain dynamic data, realize complete visualization of supply chain, accelerate logistics delivery and improve the mastery of transportation. Reduce unnecessary data entry and improve the correctness of the data.
Due to the unique identification of RFID tags, through the combination of computer technology, network technology, database and other technologies, it is possible to track goods in all aspects of logistics, and to grasp in real time which node of equipment logistics is equipped with equipment. Applying this technology, you can achieve the following goals and achieve the expected economic benefits:
(1) Shorten the operation process. For the equipment distribution center (referred to as the distribution center), the outbound and outbound warehouses account for a large proportion of the usual operations. RFID tags are placed on the trays and on the packaging boxes, and readers are placed at the entrances and exits of the distribution center, so that when entering and leaving the warehouse, The forklift is used to feed the goods into and out of the warehouse. At the entrance and exit, there is no need to stop scanning, and data is captured in the process. The reader can dynamically identify multiple tags at a time, and the computer reads the database according to the information read. Accessing and performing corresponding data records greatly saves time spent in and out of the warehouse.
(2) Improve the quality of inventory operations. Since each box and the tray are affixed with RFID tags, when the inventory operation is performed, only the handheld RFID reader sequentially passes through all the shelves, and the reader automatically acquires the information on all the tags, and uses the PC to perform the inventory recording. The use of RFID technology will greatly reduce errors such as omissions in traditional inventory operations, and enhance the accuracy and reliability of information.
(3) Increase the throughput of the distribution center. When the main operation of the distribution center - the efficiency of the warehousing operation is improved, the processing capacity of the distribution center will be greatly improved, so that the daily cargo throughput of the distribution center can be increased, and the distribution center can obtain greater economic benefits.
(4) Reduce operating costs. Since RFID technology can dynamically identify multiple data at the same time and recognize the characteristics of large distance, in the process of entering and leaving the warehouse, the acceptance and the inbound and outbound warehouses are almost completed at the same time, and it is no longer necessary to stack the goods in the receiving area for inspection. Goods and bar code scanning, and can be directly received after the goods are inspected and picked up and checked out. This greatly reduces the number of times the goods are transported in the distribution center, reducing the equipment and labor costs caused by the handling.
(5) Equipment logistics tracking. The core of RFID technology is the EPC (Product Electronic Code) on the label to provide unique identification of physical objects. EPC can be used to track and automate the management of equipment and equipment throughout the logistics, increasing the transparency of equipment management.
(6) The transmission of information is more rapid and accurate. Due to the advantages of long-distance, dynamic automatic identification, and identification of multiple tags at a time, RFID technology will make information transmission more rapid and accurate, greatly reducing errors and omissions.
3, the use of RFID technology barriers in equipment logistics At present, our military mainly uses RFID technology for equipment "in transit" (container storage and transportation), equipment repair, equipment "in storage", military license plate and other aspects, and has made some research. Application results. Due to the limitations of the following aspects, the application of RFID in the military has not yet spread.
The implementation of the RFID project is not as simple and intuitive as the average person thinks. Whether you are buying RFID systems directly from RFID equipment suppliers or from their product distributors or value-added carriers, you need to consider many issues, such as the frequency, protocols and standards used by the system. Labels in different frequency bands cannot be universal. And the reader is not universal in different frequency bands, that is to say, the reader in the fixed frequency band can only read the labels of the same frequency band. Successful implementation of the RFID system can be considered in several ways:
(1) Standards Currently, industry standards and related product standards are not uniform. Electronic tags have not yet formally formed a unified (including various frequency bands) international standards. The inconsistency of standards (especially the standards for data format definition) is an important factor restricting the development of RFID, and the standard of data format involves the interests and security of each country. The inconsistency of standards also makes the RFID products currently launched by various manufacturers incompatible with each other, which will hinder the interoperability and development of RFID products in the future. Therefore, how to make these standards compatible with each other, so that an RFID product can be successfully distributed worldwide. It is an important and urgent issue at present.
(2) Cost Due to the data capacity, frequency band and packaging requirements of the label, the price difference is large. With the continuous improvement of technology and the increasing promotion in various industries, the manufacturing costs of various components of RFID, including electronic tags, readers and antennas, are expected to be greatly reduced.
(3) Although the technology has matured in the single technology of the RFID system, the overall product technology is not mature enough, especially the compatibility problems of the equipment of various manufacturers, the problem of recognition rate, due to the liquid and metal products, etc. The signal interference is very large, and the accurate recognition rate of RFID tags is still only about 80%, which is still far from the maturity level required for large-scale practical applications. In addition, a large number of technical problems need to be overcome in the implementation process of integrated application engineering. .
(4) Security Currently widely used passive RFID systems do not have very reliable security mechanisms, can not be very confidential to customer data, and are easily used by hackers in the process of reading or writing data.
4. Military container radio frequency identification (RFID) technology requires research on military container radio frequency identification (RFID) technology requirements, improving the application level of our military's radio frequency identification technology, promoting the development of equipment logistics, military management information technology, etc. The level of military modernization has important practical significance. At present, radio frequency identification technology has obtained some pilot applications in the military for military logistics management, military vehicle management, and military personnel safety management.
In response to the radio frequency identification technology in our military general equipment management container management, this special industry has introduced some requirements for the physical characteristics of electronic tags. The purpose is to standardize the use of electronic tags in equipment support, to solve the problem of inconsistent electronic tag technology, information compatibility and sharing. Problems such as difficulties and repeated investment. For reference. Only by making the requirements for electronic labels can we better promote the use of electronic labels in the military field in order to better serve the troops.
Since the electronic tag is attached to the container, according to the battlefield environment and the usual management requirements, the following requirements are imposed on the military container radio frequency identification (RFID) technology:
One is the identification requirement, and the electronic tag can uniquely identify any container;
The second is to read the distance, and the RFID reader can read the container label at a distance of at least 100 meters, so that the long distance of the multi-container in the vehicle movement or the field camouflage storage can be read at the same time;
The third is the prompt request, the reader can control the electronic tag to emit sound and light to indicate the location of the container;
The fourth is to rewrite the requirements, using RFID tags to identify the variety and quantity of equipment in the container box, and to update the equipment in the container in real time;
The fifth is the protection requirement, the electronic label reaches a certain level of protection level, such as waterproof and physical collision;
Sixth, electromagnetic adaptation requirements, in the battlefield electromagnetic environment, the reader can smoothly communicate with the electronic tag;
Seven is the life expectancy, the life of the label should be more than 5 years;
Eight is to read the number and speed requirements of the label. Since multiple containers may be loaded and transported with the same vehicle, it is also possible to construct a field warehouse for centralized storage. Therefore, it is required to use a remote device at least 50 meters apart, 40 kilometers per hour. You can read all the container label contents on the car at the same time during speed movement;
Nine is the label capacity requirement. The label capacity should store the identification information of the container and the variety, quantity and location information of the equipment in the box.
Ten other, such as appearance requirements, with the container color to be reasonable, waterproof requirements, installation requirements, communication protocol requirements, data transmission encryption requirements, etc., here are these requirements for everyone to discuss and discuss.
At present, we have developed three types of electronic labels. The type I label is a battery and a label, the battery can be disassembled and charged, the type II label is a battery and the label is separated, and the type III label is an alarm type label, which are used in different ones. Place, Class I labels are used on combat containers, Class II labels are used in wartime assembly equipment, and Class III labels are used on the battlefield.
References [1] Liu Kesheng, You Zhanqing. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Planning and Implementation. Electronic Industry Press, 2005, 9
[2] You Zhanqing, Li Sujian, Liu Kesheng. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Theory and Application. Electronic Industry Press, 2004, 9
[3] Liu Kesheng. Unified standards are the key to RFID applications. Professional Radio, 2006, 8
[4] Liu Kesheng, Ji Hongren. Application of RFID technology in equipment logistics. Professional Radio, 2006, 3
[5] Liu Kesheng, Wang Tiening, Yang Xueqiang. Characteristics and development trend of modern logistics informationization. Industrial equipment business. 2004,1
Keywords: radio frequency identification, equipment logistics, technical barriers, military containers, technical requirements Discussion about the Requirement of IC Tag Used in Logistics for War Preparation
Liu Kesheng Ji Hongren Wang Tiening
Abstract:In military action, the troops need adequate soldiers, equipments and supplies at the limited time and exact place. In other words, the assets of real service indemnification should be visibility. RFID provided a rather convenient solution to gain automatically assets visible messages which Wes saving transporting or using. The article describes the advantages for using RFID in equipment logistics, technique huddle and condition in military container.
Keywords:RFID, equipment logistics, technique huddle, military container, technique condition
1 Introduction In the first Gulf War, the US military sent a large number of combatants and supplies to the front line. This was the largest logistics operation of the US military after World War II. However, when the logistics task was completed, the US military found that the logistics work was far from meeting the requirements. The US military did not have any tools or methods to make up for the logistical shortcomings. In fact, the logistics work in the first Gulf War was merely to transport combatants and materials to the front, which was a manifestation of “strong†logistics. Because the military lacks complete information on almost any material, it has neither good tracking ability nor full-capacity visualization capability, so that materials can enter the logistics channel when the demand is unclear, so that no real tracking can be obtained.
In general, if the commanders on the front line are unable to determine what they have on hand and when the required supplies arrive, etc., they will apply for more supplies. The front-line supply of non-commissioned officers did not have a logistics plan that matched the war plan. They lack the necessary understanding of when supplies arrive where they are. All the work is carried out in chaos, and the US Central Command is also helpless. This is a veritable "powerful logistics." Because it is impossible to know the status of the goods, the soldiers do not know whether the materials they have applied for have been issued, so they often apply excessively.
After the war, the US Department of Defense began testing new tracking technologies to capture the movements of logistics. After the Gulf War in 1991, the US military provided rapid and accurate logistical support to the combat troops in order to solve the serious practical problems in the process of requesting, transporting, and distributing materials. The US Department of Defense officially proposed the entire assets in April 1992. Visibility plan. The so-called visibility of assets refers to timely and accurate information on the quantity, location, status and characteristics of troops, personnel, equipment and supplies, etc., and comprehensively improve the logistics support capability. As a goal of the US military logistics revolution, joint asset visibility is an important part of the US Department of Defense's logistics development strategy plan. According to the new concept, the US military logistics should be able to provide the appropriate number of personnel, equipment and supplies to the joint operations forces at the exact location and time throughout the various military operations. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to achieve a high degree of transparency in assets in logistics support. And radio frequency identification is undoubtedly a convenient and flexible solution for automatically obtaining visibility information in storage, in transit and in use assets.
2. Advantages of using RFID technology in equipment logistics Equipment logistics refers to the equipment, procurement, storage, transportation, supply, use, scrapping, recycling, etc., as well as packaging, processing and maintenance of military equipment during normal training, duty and wartime. Throughout the life cycle of functions such as repairs, the entire process of time and space transfer is realized. The core objective of researching equipment logistics is to solve the problem of “fast, accurate and efficient†protection of equipment and materials in peacetime and wartime. Equipment logistics is a complex, comprehensive and complete system. Equipment refers to the collective name of weapons, weapon systems and other military technical equipment used to implement and guarantee military operations. It mainly refers to weapons, ammunition, vehicles, equipment and equipment within the armed forces.
In the logistics support of military equipment, the quickness and smoothness of information is the basic prerequisite for the success of the system. In particular, the protection of equipment, due to the wide variety, brings great problems to the supply and management of equipment. RFID technology can accurately acquire the complete information of the equipment at the fastest speed without opening the box, carry out visual equipment management, improve the efficiency of equipment logistics support, and reduce operating costs. At the same time, because RFID does not need to contact identification, no need for visual recognition, oil resistance, dust resistance, and environmental adaptability, it is especially suitable for field supply and identification of equipment. Therefore, RFID has an important significance in equipment management.
One of the main applications of RFID in logistics is the tracking of logistics. The main task of RFID is to increase productivity and limit human intervention through automation, avoid human error; obtain rapid logistics management, obtain real-time supply chain dynamic data, realize complete visualization of supply chain, accelerate logistics delivery and improve the mastery of transportation. Reduce unnecessary data entry and improve the correctness of the data.
Due to the unique identification of RFID tags, through the combination of computer technology, network technology, database and other technologies, it is possible to track goods in all aspects of logistics, and to grasp in real time which node of equipment logistics is equipped with equipment. Applying this technology, you can achieve the following goals and achieve the expected economic benefits:
(1) Shorten the operation process. For the equipment distribution center (referred to as the distribution center), the outbound and outbound warehouses account for a large proportion of the usual operations. RFID tags are placed on the trays and on the packaging boxes, and readers are placed at the entrances and exits of the distribution center, so that when entering and leaving the warehouse, The forklift is used to feed the goods into and out of the warehouse. At the entrance and exit, there is no need to stop scanning, and data is captured in the process. The reader can dynamically identify multiple tags at a time, and the computer reads the database according to the information read. Accessing and performing corresponding data records greatly saves time spent in and out of the warehouse.
(2) Improve the quality of inventory operations. Since each box and the tray are affixed with RFID tags, when the inventory operation is performed, only the handheld RFID reader sequentially passes through all the shelves, and the reader automatically acquires the information on all the tags, and uses the PC to perform the inventory recording. The use of RFID technology will greatly reduce errors such as omissions in traditional inventory operations, and enhance the accuracy and reliability of information.
(3) Increase the throughput of the distribution center. When the main operation of the distribution center - the efficiency of the warehousing operation is improved, the processing capacity of the distribution center will be greatly improved, so that the daily cargo throughput of the distribution center can be increased, and the distribution center can obtain greater economic benefits.
(4) Reduce operating costs. Since RFID technology can dynamically identify multiple data at the same time and recognize the characteristics of large distance, in the process of entering and leaving the warehouse, the acceptance and the inbound and outbound warehouses are almost completed at the same time, and it is no longer necessary to stack the goods in the receiving area for inspection. Goods and bar code scanning, and can be directly received after the goods are inspected and picked up and checked out. This greatly reduces the number of times the goods are transported in the distribution center, reducing the equipment and labor costs caused by the handling.
(5) Equipment logistics tracking. The core of RFID technology is the EPC (Product Electronic Code) on the label to provide unique identification of physical objects. EPC can be used to track and automate the management of equipment and equipment throughout the logistics, increasing the transparency of equipment management.
(6) The transmission of information is more rapid and accurate. Due to the advantages of long-distance, dynamic automatic identification, and identification of multiple tags at a time, RFID technology will make information transmission more rapid and accurate, greatly reducing errors and omissions.
3, the use of RFID technology barriers in equipment logistics At present, our military mainly uses RFID technology for equipment "in transit" (container storage and transportation), equipment repair, equipment "in storage", military license plate and other aspects, and has made some research. Application results. Due to the limitations of the following aspects, the application of RFID in the military has not yet spread.
The implementation of the RFID project is not as simple and intuitive as the average person thinks. Whether you are buying RFID systems directly from RFID equipment suppliers or from their product distributors or value-added carriers, you need to consider many issues, such as the frequency, protocols and standards used by the system. Labels in different frequency bands cannot be universal. And the reader is not universal in different frequency bands, that is to say, the reader in the fixed frequency band can only read the labels of the same frequency band. Successful implementation of the RFID system can be considered in several ways:
(1) Standards Currently, industry standards and related product standards are not uniform. Electronic tags have not yet formally formed a unified (including various frequency bands) international standards. The inconsistency of standards (especially the standards for data format definition) is an important factor restricting the development of RFID, and the standard of data format involves the interests and security of each country. The inconsistency of standards also makes the RFID products currently launched by various manufacturers incompatible with each other, which will hinder the interoperability and development of RFID products in the future. Therefore, how to make these standards compatible with each other, so that an RFID product can be successfully distributed worldwide. It is an important and urgent issue at present.
(2) Cost Due to the data capacity, frequency band and packaging requirements of the label, the price difference is large. With the continuous improvement of technology and the increasing promotion in various industries, the manufacturing costs of various components of RFID, including electronic tags, readers and antennas, are expected to be greatly reduced.
(3) Although the technology has matured in the single technology of the RFID system, the overall product technology is not mature enough, especially the compatibility problems of the equipment of various manufacturers, the problem of recognition rate, due to the liquid and metal products, etc. The signal interference is very large, and the accurate recognition rate of RFID tags is still only about 80%, which is still far from the maturity level required for large-scale practical applications. In addition, a large number of technical problems need to be overcome in the implementation process of integrated application engineering. .
(4) Security Currently widely used passive RFID systems do not have very reliable security mechanisms, can not be very confidential to customer data, and are easily used by hackers in the process of reading or writing data.
4. Military container radio frequency identification (RFID) technology requires research on military container radio frequency identification (RFID) technology requirements, improving the application level of our military's radio frequency identification technology, promoting the development of equipment logistics, military management information technology, etc. The level of military modernization has important practical significance. At present, radio frequency identification technology has obtained some pilot applications in the military for military logistics management, military vehicle management, and military personnel safety management.
In response to the radio frequency identification technology in our military general equipment management container management, this special industry has introduced some requirements for the physical characteristics of electronic tags. The purpose is to standardize the use of electronic tags in equipment support, to solve the problem of inconsistent electronic tag technology, information compatibility and sharing. Problems such as difficulties and repeated investment. For reference. Only by making the requirements for electronic labels can we better promote the use of electronic labels in the military field in order to better serve the troops.
Since the electronic tag is attached to the container, according to the battlefield environment and the usual management requirements, the following requirements are imposed on the military container radio frequency identification (RFID) technology:
One is the identification requirement, and the electronic tag can uniquely identify any container;
The second is to read the distance, and the RFID reader can read the container label at a distance of at least 100 meters, so that the long distance of the multi-container in the vehicle movement or the field camouflage storage can be read at the same time;
The third is the prompt request, the reader can control the electronic tag to emit sound and light to indicate the location of the container;
The fourth is to rewrite the requirements, using RFID tags to identify the variety and quantity of equipment in the container box, and to update the equipment in the container in real time;
The fifth is the protection requirement, the electronic label reaches a certain level of protection level, such as waterproof and physical collision;
Sixth, electromagnetic adaptation requirements, in the battlefield electromagnetic environment, the reader can smoothly communicate with the electronic tag;
Seven is the life expectancy, the life of the label should be more than 5 years;
Eight is to read the number and speed requirements of the label. Since multiple containers may be loaded and transported with the same vehicle, it is also possible to construct a field warehouse for centralized storage. Therefore, it is required to use a remote device at least 50 meters apart, 40 kilometers per hour. You can read all the container label contents on the car at the same time during speed movement;
Nine is the label capacity requirement. The label capacity should store the identification information of the container and the variety, quantity and location information of the equipment in the box.
Ten other, such as appearance requirements, with the container color to be reasonable, waterproof requirements, installation requirements, communication protocol requirements, data transmission encryption requirements, etc., here are these requirements for everyone to discuss and discuss.
At present, we have developed three types of electronic labels. The type I label is a battery and a label, the battery can be disassembled and charged, the type II label is a battery and the label is separated, and the type III label is an alarm type label, which are used in different ones. Place, Class I labels are used on combat containers, Class II labels are used in wartime assembly equipment, and Class III labels are used on the battlefield.
References [1] Liu Kesheng, You Zhanqing. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Planning and Implementation. Electronic Industry Press, 2005, 9
[2] You Zhanqing, Li Sujian, Liu Kesheng. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Theory and Application. Electronic Industry Press, 2004, 9
[3] Liu Kesheng. Unified standards are the key to RFID applications. Professional Radio, 2006, 8
[4] Liu Kesheng, Ji Hongren. Application of RFID technology in equipment logistics. Professional Radio, 2006, 3
[5] Liu Kesheng, Wang Tiening, Yang Xueqiang. Characteristics and development trend of modern logistics informationization. Industrial equipment business. 2004,1
workout equipment,workout equipment for gym,workout equipment names,workout equipment all in one
Foshan Laijian Fitness Equipment Co., Ltd. , https://www.laijiangymequipment.com