In contrast, thinking about the needs of agricultural machinery meets the two days of ice and fire

[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] For the imbalance of the development of the domestic agricultural machinery industry, the industry has always had a fresh summary, summarized as follows: First, the level of mechanization is "two highs and two lows", that is, high planting, breeding Industry, facility agriculture, forestry fruit industry, agricultural product processing industry are low; the level of mechanization of grain production is high, and the level of mechanization of economic crop production is low. Second, the equipment structure is “three more than three less”, that is, there are many power machinery and less supporting agricultural implements; there are fewer small-sized machines and fewer large and medium-sized machines; there are fewer low-grade machines and fewer high-performance machines. Third, the regional development is “three fast and three slow”, that is, the plain area is fast and the hilly areas are slow; the east and the north are fast, the west and the south are slow; the dry land is fast and the paddy field is slow.

Along with the rapid development of the agricultural machinery market, the degree of mechanization of domestic crops has been greatly improved, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of farming and harvesting has reached 65%. Even so, the demand for agricultural machinery is not satisfied, and the phenomenon of ice and fire still exists, which is different for the three major food crops. In stark contrast to the mechanization of the links and the satisfaction of the demand, we will look at these shortcomings again and perhaps generate more awareness.

Figure 1: Statistical Table of China's Major Grain Crop Planting Areas in 2016

(Source: "Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on 2016 National Economic and Social Development")

First, wheat: high mechanization of harvesting and low mechanization of drying mechanization.

According to statistics, among the three major food crops in China, the comprehensive mechanization degree of wheat is high, reaching 94.2%, of which the machine-grown rate is basically 100%, the machine-casting rate is 86.9%, and the machine yield is 95% (the wheat harvest in the main producing areas of Huang-Huai-Hai) The level reached 98%). Due to the impressive data created by several generations of agricultural machinery people, the "three summers" synonym contains the joy of harvesting. It has abandoned the hard work of the sun and the mechanization has brought endless benefits to the farmers. Convenience and physical liberation. At the same time, we have to face the problem of insufficient mechanization drying rate in the storage and storage of wheat. In 2016 and 2017 for two consecutive years, CCTV and other media reported that drying is still a short-term for the three summer wheat harvest. The following two points are worthy of attention.

First, the traditional drying mode of wheat has many hidden dangers.

In my contact, Shandong's hometown is still dominated by individual contracted land decentralized business models. The crops with wide planting area are wheat and corn, which are rotated in two seasons. In the 1980s and 1990s, the degree of mechanization of wheat harvest was low. After artificial harvesting, it was transported to a special site for exposure, crushing, and then the field. The wheat and wheat bran were separated by wind, and then they were aired in the yard. As time went by, there was a small thresher for threshing. Nowadays, all the harvested species are mechanized instead, and the one-of-a-kind yard in the memory no longer exists, leaving it exclusive. In the depths of the impressions of generations, there are only those scenes that are sweating and raining, and they are always settled into memories...

After so many years, the drying of wheat after harvesting in many areas has continued the traditional natural exposure mode. From January to July, farmers who did not have special drying places transported the wheat to the country roads for drying, which seriously affected the traffic. Safety, although the competent authorities have been strictly prohibited, but the effect is not obvious. The drawbacks are not only this, in case of rain or cloudy weather, wheat will face the risk of germination, mildew and loss... Natural drying must be eliminated, mechanized drying is the scientific way.

Second, grain mechanization drying promotion is a systematic project.

According to statistics, every year, due to climatic reasons, food that has not been dried or does not reach the safe moisture content, causing mold, germination, etc., accounts for about 5% of China's total annual grain output, and the grain loss caused by mildew alone is as high as More than 20 million tons, accounting for 4.2% of the country's total grain output, direct economic losses between 180-240 billion yuan, so shocking! According to the analysis of the degree of mechanization, according to statistics, the mechanization of grain drying in developed countries such as Europe and the United States is above 90%, while in China it is less than 10%.

In recent years, the domestic grain drying industry has also developed rapidly. Especially since this year, in the overall market decline, the dryer has sprung up. As of the end of June, the national agricultural machinery market has sold a total of 9,860 dryers, a year-on-year increase. 37.3%, the northeast, Inner Mongolia and other corn producing areas and most of the country's major rice producing areas have become the main battlefield of dryer operations. In contrast, the wheat and corn drying in the Central Plains has been lagging behind, and it is recommended to set up agricultural subsidies. Guided, intensive land management, drying and storage integration enterprise expansion, farmers' traditional agronomic awareness change and administrative guidance are improved. It is believed that the pain of drying and other imbalances in wheat mechanization will soon end.

Second, rice: the rapid improvement of harvest mechanization and the slow expansion of machine insertion promotion.

The world's major rice producing areas are concentrated in Asia. Asia's rice planting area accounts for nearly 90% of the world's total, accounting for 91% of the world's rice production. India, China, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Thailand are the countries with the largest rice planting area in the world. China's rice planting area accounts for the second in the world and the world's output. According to statistics, the comprehensive mechanization rate of rice in China is nearly 78%, of which the machine-grown rate exceeds 98%, and the machine yield exceeds 83%. The unsynchronized is that the rice transplanting rate in China is less than 40%, and the rice machine insertion promotion needs to be strengthened. Do the following two points for the following analysis.

First, the difference between the north and south varieties and agronomy makes the rice planting rate a huge gap.

In people's minds, the three northeastern provinces are the main producing areas of rice in the first year of the year. The growing season is long, not only the rice quality is good, but also the mechanization of the whole process is high. In sharp contrast, the main rice-growing areas in southern China continue to have traditional artificial planting patterns, and the overall machine insertion rate is very low, even in Hunan, China's rice-growing province. Due to the large differences in climate and soil and water conditions between different regions, a variety of ecological types, farming systems and variety maturity have been created. According to different classifications, rice cultivation in China has a cooked, two-cooked, three-cooked and two-year three-cooked system. There are single-season rice, double-season rice, wheat-glutinous rice, early rice, middle rice, late rice and japonica rice, japonica rice, and hybrid rice.

From the agronomic point of view, rice planting is basically divided into live broadcast and transplanting. The live broadcast has dry live broadcast and water live broadcast. The live broadcast is divided into dry valley live and bud valley live broadcast; transplanting is divided into deep planting and shallow planting, and shallow planting is divided into There are two basic forms of order and disorder. Among them, the live broadcast has eliminated the breeding link, and it is widely used in rice and wheat areas such as single-season rice area and Taihu Lake Basin in China. However, due to the long live growth period of rice and the slow growth rate of seedlings, this planting mode is only suitable for one-year-old cropping. The rice planting area; the shallow planting with the throwing and raking as the main form, although it is conducive to increasing production, the risk is far greater than the deep planting with the transplanting machine, especially the high-speed rice transplanter as the main operation. At the same time, the throwing and live broadcasting methods are adopted. It is not only necessary to use pesticides in the rice production process for pest control and weeding, but also does not meet the requirements for rice harvesting operations in plant spacing, row spacing and foot control, and the yield is uncontrollable. Therefore, rice machine insertion is the development direction. In general, there are many hilly and mountainous slopes in southern China, and there are many varieties of rice varieties, agronomy and planting habits. Many factors restrict the increase of machine insertion rate.

Second, the promotion of rice machine insertion must be guided by the situation, starting with changing people's cultivation habits.

The promotion of rice transplanting in the south is not only affected by the landform morphology of the cultivated land. The larger factor is restricted by the traditional planting habits. At the same time, the southern region is dominated by double-season rice and multi-season rice, which is suitable for the single-season rice area. The breeding mode and the mechanical working distance are different from each other. It is necessary to make targeted adjustments in combination with the agronomy of the localities. Compared with the throwing or hand transplanting, the machine transplanting has different requirements for the seedlings, and the different breeding is also an indispensable link.

To improve the rice transplanting rate, it is necessary to fully realize the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, adapt to local conditions, fully reflect the practicality, adaptability, sex, and science and technology of mechanized operations. Government departments should work hard on agronomic optimization guidance and purchase subsidy policy support. We will work hard to solve the current situation that the agronomic model is not compatible with mechanized technology. On this basis, the transplanter production enterprise should focus on solving product reliability and operational efficiency problems, providing cost-effective, high-quality products and timely services, combined with the needs of special terrain operations in the south, in terms of easy handling, convenient operation and perfect functions. In terms of humanized design upgrades, more and low-cost, reliable rice transplanter products have been created to help improve the level of rice machine insertion.

Figure 2: Statistical chart of mechanization level of major crops in China in 2016

Third, corn: large-scale harvester tie-pull and the lack of branding of small-scale products.

As a domestically grown crop, corn is widely distributed in Northeast, Northwest, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Huanghuaihai Plain, and Yunguichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi, according to the National Bureau of Statistics released on February 28, 2017. According to the 2016 Statistical Communiqué of the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic, the national corn planting area in 2016 was 550 million mu, which is 100 million more than the second largest crop rice, although this year it will continue to reduce 30 million mu in 2016. The planting area of ​​10 million mu of corn has been reduced by more than 500 million mu, and it is still a food crop with a large area planted in China. According to industry statistics, the comprehensive mechanization rate of domestic corn is nearly 84%, of which the machine-farming rate is nearly 100%, the machine-to-air rate is 85.7%, and the machine yield is 63%. There is an imbalance in the development of corn mechanization. The following two points can be seen.

First, the decline of the corn harvester's cliff-type is caused by many factors, and it is also the epitome of domestic agricultural machinery manufacturing.

Relatively speaking, among the three major food crops in China, the mechanization of corn is relatively late compared to wheat and rice. The overall mechanization level, especially the level of machine recovery, has increased by more than 60%, which is also a matter of recent years. However, in the overall agricultural machinery. Under the influence of the slow pace of market development, the adjustment of national planting structure, and the marketization of corn prices, the corn machine market also experienced a cliff-like decline last year, which also reflects the mismatch between output and market demand behind high-speed growth. .

For some time, domestic agricultural machinery manufacturing has suffered from the homogenization of products and the repeated production of low-end and mid-range products. The corn harvester industry is also not immune. We have gathered traditional corn harvesting machinery, headers, picking, suede and clearing. The system structure is imitating each other, the technical innovation is weak, and the shortcomings of insufficient reliability still exist in large numbers. On the contrary, the investment in the green corn harvesting machinery is weak. At the same time, most enterprises blindly consider the product value and market concentration demand. The degree of emphasis on chemical products has been gradually reduced, and the phenomenon of insufficient branding of domestic corn machine miniaturization products has been revealed.

Second, the scale operation area also has the demand for miniaturization, and the market segmentation promotes the upgrade of the miniaturized corn machine brand.

In October last year, when I visited the Inner Mongolia market, I found that many large-scale corn harvesting machinery on the hillsides were not going up, and there was a lack of small machinery in the surrounding area. Many areas were artificially harvested, and many people learned that the large-scale corn harvesting operations in the area were Five-row and above mainframes are mainly used. Small harvesters are mostly made by small enterprises. There are many quality problems and they are not safe to buy, so they have to solve them manually. Not only that, many farmers in the hills and mountainous areas in the south, corn harvesting seasons are also looking for models with good quality and agronomy. According to industry statistics, in the corn machine sales structure, the four-line machine is the mainstream of sales, accounting for nearly 40%. The proportion of sales of the two-line and three-line machines is also more than 20%, which means that the demand for the personalized market of small corn machines is still not small.

The branding of small corn harvesting machinery products requires more large-scale enterprises to bet more energy, increase technological innovation, develop suitable products for different regions, agronomics, etc., and strengthen quality control throughout the manufacturing process. Improve product reliability, increase product intelligence, and achieve product upgrades. In an environment where the market is fiercely competitive, small products can be branded, the regional market can be intensively cultivated, or a new “blue ocean” can be discovered.

Today, with the rapid advancement of agricultural mechanization, the imbalance between tradition and niche, food crops and cash crops, and overall mechanization must be short-lived. I believe that with the scientific and technological innovation, the spirit of “artisans” and the unremitting efforts of agricultural machinery people. Balanced development, continuous improvement, and innovation will become new labels for the agricultural machinery industry.