Soybeans are eaten as a feed and are an important source of human plant proteins. Soybeans are short-day crops and need plenty of sunlight. Water from the seedlings to the branching stage can grow normally when the water holding capacity is 75-80%. Flowering and pod stage need a lot of water. Sprout 12 °C or more, the appropriate growth period of 26 °C temperature, the optimum temperature difference between day and night 5 ~ 10 °C. The optimum soil pH is 6.2-6.8.
Soybeans require more nutrients for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, followed by calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Trace elements such as boron, molybdenum, copper, zinc, and manganese are also essential. Since the branching period, the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen by soybean increased gradually with the growth of the plant, and the maximum grain size. Afterwards, with the continuous enhancement of nitrogen fixation ability of root nodules, soybean can rely on its own nitrogen fixation capacity to meet the needs of nitrogen; Phosphorus absorption peaks in the branching period - the scarring period. Phosphorous uptake from seedlings to anthesis is not large, but it has a great impact on the whole period of fertility; the absorption of potassium is higher in the early growth stage and the potassium absorption reaches the peak after the stage of planting. Fertilization method can be used when sowing deep application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, flowering and then topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, so that the soybean has a good supply of nutrients. The use of ammonium molybdate seed dressing or foliar application during flowering can promote the development of nodule. Acidic soil shall be treated with lime and phosphate fertilizer shall be added. In the Yangtze River basin and its south areas, seeds are covered with gray manure, and water is drained at the appropriate time during the crop stage.
Symptoms of nutritional imbalance in soybean Soybean plants with short growth, low number of branches, light green or yellowish green leaves, and uniform color, especially the lower leaves of the base leaves.
Soybeans are prone to potassium deficiency, and 5 to 6 tablets are symptomatic. The chlorosis of the middle and lower leaves turned yellow and was "gold-rimmed". The old interveinary veins protrude from the retracted margins and the petioles turn brown. There are many sparse grains.
Phosphorus deficiency in soybean leaves brown spots after flowering and the seeds are small. Severe stems and leaves are dark red, nodule development is poor.
Soybeans lack calcium and new leaves do not stretch, and old leaves have gray spots. Veins brown, petiole soft drooping. The root is dark brown, fragile, and sticky. The junction between the petiole and the leaf blade is dark brown, and when severe, the top of the stem curls and hangs like a hook.
Symptoms of soybean deficiency include the first true leaves, and the middle and lower leaves of adult plants fade first, followed by orange or orange-red, but the veins remain green, and the veins between the veins are often slightly convex and the leaves wrinkle.
Sulfur deficiency in soybean growth is hindered, especially vegetative growth, and the symptoms are similar to nitrogen deficiency. Soybeans in the early period of the new leaf chlorosis, the late yellow leaves, brown spots. Slender roots, thin plants, nodule dysplasia.
When soybean is deficient in zinc, it grows slowly, yellowing between veins, and the leaves appear as lemon brown yellow spots, gradually expanding and forming necrotic plaques, followed by shedding of necrotic tissue.
Soybeans are the most susceptible to iron deficiency. Iron deficiency causes the rhizobia's nitrogen fixation to weaken. Plants are short and the upper leaves are yellowed between veins. The veins remain green and have mild curls. In severe cases, the chlorosis of all new leaves is yellow-white until necrosis.
Soybean lack of boron top buds stop growing down the roll, the plants dwarf, leaves the veins chlorosis, the tip of the curve, the old leaf roughening, the main root tip death, lateral roots and more short, stiff, root nodules dysplasia. After flowering, shedding more, less pods, more deformed.
Soybean is an indicator crop lacking manganese. Soybean leaves lacking manganese cotyledons become brown. The new leaf veins are yellow and faded green. The veins remain green and the veins are clear. When the manganese is severely depleted, gray or brown spots appear.
Based on external symptoms, it can be initially judged whether or not soybeans are deficient and their degree.
Soybeans lack calcium and new leaves do not stretch, and old leaves have gray spots. Veins brown, petiole soft drooping. The root is dark brown, fragile, and sticky. The junction between the petiole and the leaf blade is dark brown, and when severe, the top of the stem curls and hangs like a hook.
Soybeans are prone to potassium deficiency, and 5 to 6 tablets are symptomatic. The chlorosis of the middle and lower leaves turned yellow and was "gold-rimmed". The old interveinary veins protrude from the retracted margins and the petioles turn brown. There are many sparse grains.
Sulfur deficiency in soybean growth is hindered, especially vegetative growth, and the symptoms are similar to nitrogen deficiency. Soybeans in the early period of the new leaf chlorosis, the late yellow leaves, brown spots. Slender roots, thin plants, nodule dysplasia.
Soybean is an indicator crop lacking manganese. Soybean leaves lacking manganese cotyledons become brown. The new leaf veins are yellow and faded green. The veins remain green and the veins are clear. When the manganese is severely depleted, gray or brown spots appear.
Soybeans are the most susceptible to iron deficiency. Iron deficiency causes the rhizobia's nitrogen fixation to weaken. Plants are short and the upper leaves are yellowed between veins. The veins remain green and have mild curls. In severe cases, the chlorosis of all new leaves is yellow-white until necrosis.
When soybean is deficient in zinc, it grows slowly, yellowing between veins, and the leaves appear as lemon brown yellow spots, gradually expanding and forming necrotic plaques, followed by shedding of necrotic tissue.
Phosphorus deficiency in soybean leaves brown spots after flowering and the seeds are small. Severe stems and leaves are dark red, poor development of nodule
Symptoms of soybean deficiency include the first true leaves, and the middle and lower leaves of adult plants fade first, followed by orange or orange-red, but the veins remain green, and the veins between the veins are often slightly convex and the leaves wrinkle.
The soybean-deficient nitrogen plants had short stature, few branches, light pale green or yellow-green leaves, and uniform color, especially the lower leaves of the base leaves.
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