Steel energy-saving and emission reduction should be a multi-pronged approach

According to Xu Kuangdi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China's hydrogen production from coke oven gas, especially the POX technology under the control of its own innovative oxygen-permeable membranes, has entered the semi-industrialization trial stage and is expected to catch up with Europe and Japan in this field. Developed industrial countries.
Hydrogen production from coke oven gas is a major way for the steel industry to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Iron and steel, building materials, electricity and other industries are the major carbon dioxide emissions departments. Thanks to improvements in equipment and process technology, the carbon dioxide emissions of the steel industry have been reduced by about 50% compared with the 1970s. The 15 countries in Europe have formulated the “ultra-low carbon dioxide steelmaking” plan (ULCOS), which will reduce carbon emissions by 24% after the current process is improved; Japan has formulated the “Technology Roadmap for Low Carbon Dioxide Emissions Steel Industry” and plans to make carbon emissions from tons of steel from 1.64 tons decreased to 1.15 tons, a decrease of 24%.
According to Xu Kuangdi, the core technologies of both European and Japanese solutions are coke oven gas reforming (converting CH4 to H2 and CO), which is called POX (partial oxidation reforming) and will be reformed. The H2-rich gas (H2, 65%, CO, 35%) is blown into the blast furnace or used for direct reduction. At the same time, both Europe and Japan are developing CCS (carbon capture and storage) technologies and atomic energy-based hydrogen metallurgy technologies.
At present, China's coke oven gas reform has just begun. Shougang Jingtang Iron and Steel United Co., Ltd. took the lead in the construction of a new iron and steel plant and was the first to install a hydrogen production plant for coke oven gas, and equipment tendering is currently underway. However, overall, the technology is still in the experimental stage. Compared with hydrogen production, the technology for methanol production from coke oven gas has matured, but it has encountered the challenges of decentralization and promotion of the industry.
For a long time, as the fuel for the iron and steel industry, the coke oven gas produced in the coking industry has been burned away in a “daylight skylight” way. According to statistics, the amount of coke oven gas burned in Shanxi Province alone is equivalent to the amount of gas transmission from the two West-East Gas Transmission Projects. The amount of coke oven gas directly burned or burned out in China is worth hundreds of millions of yuan. This not only wastes resources but also greatly pollutes the environment. In some places in Shanxi, yellow smoke is emitted from the coke oven gas, commonly known as the "daylight."
National Bureau of Statistics data show that in 2007, the coking enterprises above designated size in China produced a total of 328 million tons of coke, which exceeded 50% of the total global coke production. As a result, there are more than 60 billion cubic meters of coke oven gas that is emitted from the country. However, the West-East Gas Pipeline project, which was constructed by the state at a cost of RMB 140 billion, can only send 12 billion cubic meters of natural gas from Xinjiang to Shanghai each year. It is understood that the total production capacity of the coke oven gas methanol production project that has been put into operation in China has reached millions of tons, but there is a problem of insufficient food.
According to experts, the production of 1 ton of methanol requires 100,000 tons of coke by-product coke oven gas as raw material, which means that the existing capacity can digest 10 million tons of coke oven gas. In the current coking industry in China, SMEs account for more than 80%.
In 2006, there were only 57 coking companies with a million-ton-ton level in the country, and a large number of coking enterprises were small in scale and scattered in layout. For example, in Shanxi province, private coking companies are mostly located, with production capacities of 200,000 tons, 400,000 tons, and 600,000 tons. Therefore, even if it is located adjacent to a medium-sized coking company, the coke oven gas required to make methanol is still insufficient. Once the air supply is not sufficient, several coke oven gas companies must be used, which involves the laying of gas pipelines.
In addition, many coking companies have weak technical capabilities, are powerless or lazy to make methanol, and have to “point to the skylight” and do not want to waste their efforts on making methanol.
In addition to eliminating outdated equipment, Cheng Xiaomai, deputy chief engineer of the Planning and Research Institute of the Metallurgical Industry, put forward the viewpoint of “improving the efficiency of secondary energy use and improving the utilization of medium and low-temperature energy.” Therefore, steel enterprises should actively shut down backward production facilities to ensure that large-scale facilities have been built. The production capacity of modernization and modern production equipment reaches the best load, creating favorable conditions for improving the efficiency of secondary energy use. Secondly, in the pre-ferrous system, the principle of “fine material” is implemented, and the furnace charge structure of the blast furnace should be studied in depth. In particular, the proportion of pellets in the charge should be increased as much as possible.
Wu Jianchang, an adviser to the China Iron and Steel Association, believes that information technology can play an important role in energy conservation and emission reduction. Digitalized, networked, and automated information application projects can not only promote energy conservation and consumption reduction, improve energy efficiency, but also play an important role for the steel industry to improve product quality and reduce costs. In particular, energy management and control systems, coke oven control systems, gas-fired gas power generation systems, integrated sintering control expert systems, high-precision energy-saving coke oven oven control systems, etc., have good application and promotion value and a broad market in and outside the industry.

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