After experiencing the leap-forward development of the past five years, China’s shipbuilding industry is in urgent need of a solution during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period. Excessive manufacturing capacity, high-end manufacturing capabilities are not strong, how can the shipbuilding industry achieve transformation and upgrading in adjustment? Zhang Guangqin, president of China Shipbuilding Industry Association, recently put forward his own opinions on the problems facing the current and future development of the shipbuilding industry at the second meeting of the Fourth Council of the China Shipbuilding Association.
This year's growth rate will drop sharply. Zhang Guangqin is optimistic about the overall prospects of China's shipbuilding industry. He pointed out that during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, the overall strength of China's shipbuilding industry has been significantly improved. At the end of the "11th Five-Year Plan", the annual shipbuilding output reached the level of 60 million deadweight tons, and the goal of the shipbuilding industry to achieve the initial achievement has laid a solid foundation for future development. At present, although the impact of the financial crisis on the world economy has many uncertain factors, it is in the process of slow recovery as a whole. Global trade volume, shipping volume and demand for the offshore equipment market have all increased. As long as the shipbuilding industry has sufficient competitiveness, it will get orders.
At the same time, Zhang Guangqin also expressed concern about the rapid and extraordinary growth rate of China's shipbuilding industry in recent years: "Especially in 2010, the annual output suddenly jumped from more than 40 million tons of leapfrog to more than 60 million tons. The increase rate reached 54%. Such a high growth rate undoubtedly puts a lot of pressure on the management of all aspects. The ship is not paper-made, it is made of steel sheets and one piece of welds. What is the growth rate? From a point of view, it is not sustainable."
For this year's situation, Zhang Guangqin said that because China's shipping companies still hold a considerable number of orders in their hands, this year's annual production is expected to remain at 60 million tons, but the growth rate will inevitably drop significantly.
The recent receipt of the order also confirmed this judgment. According to the statistics of the China Shipbuilding Association, the national shipbuilding completion volume from January to February this year was 8.46 million DWT, a decrease of 7.8%. The new orders were 8.26 million DWT, the two major shipping groups undertook 3.63 million DWT, and the local ship companies undertook more than 4 million DWT. According to Zhang Guangqin, this figure has passed one-sixth of a year compared with the total amount undertaken last year, but the order volume is less than one-eighth of last year. He believes that this shows that the impact of the financial crisis on shipping and shipbuilding has not passed, showing a lag effect.
At present, global trade growth is weak. Due to operational difficulties, the phenomenon of individual shipowners demanding postponement and abandonment of ships has occurred from time to time. In particular, the overall supply and demand relationship of bulk carriers is not optimistic. China is a big bulk ship manufacturing country, but it is understood that many shipyards that rely on bulk carriers are more difficult to take orders, and some shipyards have not even received orders for half a year. In terms of price, even in the negotiation of orders, the price of the ship is not optimistic, and the payment terms are greatly deteriorated. Some classification societies and some shipyards generally expect that the number of orders received this year will be 20% to 30% lower than last year.
Zhang Guangqin also said that the recent Libyan war, the impact of the Japanese earthquake and the tsunami and nuclear pollution caused by it will have an impact on the entire ship market, and further observation and research are needed.
Blindly increasing the construction of shipbuilding infrastructure is not suitable for the downturn of the bulk carrier market. Adjusting the product structure has become the recommendation of many industry experts. However, for many shipyards whose production capacity has already come up, it is not easy to adjust the structure or enter the offshore equipment market. The built shipyards and docks must have a job, and it is the top priority for the shipbuilding enterprises to catch production, guarantee contracts, and grab orders.
This year is the first year of the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€. When the provinces and municipalities formulated the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, they proposed that the shipbuilding industry should increase investment, expand shipbuilding capacity, and build large-scale docks. In this regard, Zhang Guangqin believes that according to the calculation of three products per year for a shipyard and dock, the existing domestic capacity can reach 60 million DWT. If the efficiency of a single shipyard and dock is improved, the capacity of existing hardware facilities in China can be more exerted.
“Although the current high-end ship manufacturing capacity is insufficient, this is not the reason for the new Dock. The key depends on the demand of the entire world market, and we can get a large share of orders. We have a basic judgment on the world shipbuilding market. The current growth rate of ordinary ships is higher than the growth rate of world trade, and the state of oversupply will continue for some time," Zhang Guangqin said.
In fact, many companies now have excess capacity resulting in under-employment and low efficiency. Zhang Guangqin believes that it is not advisable to increase the number of new docks in the case of a weak foundation. In terms of manufacturing high-end ships, a simple dock is difficult to distinguish whether it is high-end capability or low-end capability. "High-end capabilities should focus on the capabilities of technology, not just hardware. Using existing infrastructure, rationally organizing resource allocations, and introducing efficient operational mechanisms and systems, the same dock can be used to a greater extent. The role of producing more high value-added products and achieving higher sales results," he said.
To this end, Zhang Guangqin suggested that according to China's current shipbuilding output and the new trend of the current ship market, in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", especially in the planning of various places, it is not appropriate to emphasize the tonnage index too much, to rank on the tonnage. It should not emphasize the slogan that doubled the tonnage. Instead, it should shift to sales growth, efficiency gains, reductions in emissions, and the pursuit of stable economic benefits. This is in line with the overall guiding ideology of the national development of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" and is also in line with the current actual situation.
Shipbuilding enterprises should increase their efforts to tackle the problem. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, Zhang Guangqin also put forward his own views on some issues facing the development of the shipbuilding industry.
The first is talent. In Zhang Guangqin's view, to increase the international market's right to speak in China's shipbuilding industry, it is necessary to take the initiative to respond to the new IMO and IACS regulations, to develop green and environmentally-friendly ship types that meet the requirements of shipowners, and to compete with world-class advanced enterprises. It is necessary to enter the marine engineering equipment, luxury cruise ships, high-end yachts, special ships, and advanced equipment supporting fields. It is also necessary to extend the industrial chain in the fields of ship finance, credit, insurance, settlement, and legal services to achieve more breakthroughs and occupy more The market share, all of this requires a high level of talent.
"Strengthening the human resources construction of the whole industry is becoming more and more urgent and important." Zhang Guangqin said that during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the state will pay more attention to the development of the marine economy. There should be a lot of articles in the blue soil and deep water fields. . The aerospace industry relies on major national projects to form a good situation for talented people. The shipbuilding industry should also seize the opportunity to enter the marine engineering and the deep sea and push the talent project up.
In addition, Zhang Guangqin has quite a few words about some of the current practices in the development of the shipbuilding industry: "In the period of fierce changes in the world's shipbuilding pattern, some places are still keen on attracting investment, selling land and attracting foreign investors to China. We are opposed to building a shipyard in the coastal area. We oppose this approach. The country has long been industrialized, and shipbuilding is a strategic industry of the country. Newly built ships and diesel engines must be controlled domestically."
He believes that the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" for marine diesel engine plants, according to the introduction of production programs and plans, through efforts can basically meet the needs of domestic shipyards, the key is to expand on the basis of the development of superior enterprises for decades The ability scale, improve concentration, improve quality, reduce costs, meet the shipyard's delivery cycle, and do a good job in after-sales service. "Diesel engine factory should also increase the intensity of scientific research as well as the shipyard. In terms of green, environmental protection and emission reduction, we will come up with newer and better products. From the current status of domestic diesel engine plants, small and scattered, the quantity It is also useless, and it is necessary to make careful decisions when starting a new diesel engine plant from scratch."
In other places, the ship industry is pursuing its own support in the province. Zhang Guangqin also believes that it is unrealistic: “The shipbuilding market is a highly globally integrated market. The commonality of supporting and shipbuilding is to focus on the product layout of the world. It is also against the scientific development concept.
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