Abstract: This paper introduces the application background of the Internet of Things gateway, puts forward the overall scheme of the gateway, lists the key technologies, gives application cases, and introduces the research team.
Introduction As sensor technology continues to mature and costs continue to decline, multi-source sensing systems will significantly change the interface between data acquisition systems and users and portable electronic products. Original equipment manufacturers that have guided this development trend have clearly pointed out that they hope to use these sensors to realize the user’s concept of dynamic perception of information at any time and place. These modern sensors provide the sensing capabilities that design engineers need to change data acquisition systems and human-computer interactions.
This research is a project of ZTE Corporation undertaken by Xidian University. It mainly studies the key technologies of a new generation of Internet of Things based on the ZTE smartphone platform. It is intended to be used for R&D and verification of key technologies for the Internet of Things, providing a reference for ZTE Corporation to develop a new generation of smart phone products. Through the communication between ZTE smartphones and the entire Internet of Things system, mobile navigation, mobile subscriptions, environmental monitoring, tag identification, target awareness and positioning can be implemented. The products of the research results will further expand the functions of mobile phones and can be widely applied in many fields such as industry and commerce, home life and so on.
1. Overall Plan This project is a conceptual platform for future 4G mobile phones. Mobile phones are used as application gateways for mobile Internet and wireless sensor networks. A large number of access protocols and data transmission protocols are required for device access control and data communication. Through protocol modeling and simulation experiments, a multi-protocol integration technology solution is proposed in this paper, so that the smart phone platform can play a role in many occasions.
The system consists of smart mobile information collection terminals and ZTE smart phones. Through the wireless network, the system can collect and transmit multi-source data in real time. The mobile phone can collect and control multi-source data as required, enabling the surrounding wireless sensors to exchange dynamic data with the mobile phone.
This design incorporates wireless sensor technology and embedded software and hardware technology, using RFIDReader, special line sensor terminal module, Wi-Fi module, WAPI module, ZigBee module, GPS module to external expansion mode to ensure the use of ZTE smart phone platform to the surrounding wireless sensor Real-time acquisition of the module. In this study, a high-precision voltage reference chip is used to provide a reference voltage reference for the system signal acquisition system. The system uses the ZigBee module to complete the sensing of temperature, humidity, and other information on the site; Bluetooth Bluetooth (IEEE802.15) module is used to implement the evaluation board's multi-source information. ZTE smart phone wireless transmission. The main supporting technologies of the system include embedded technology, wireless local area networking technology, multi-protocol processing, human-computer interaction interface, RFID, etc., and the realization of an automated, information-based multi-functional information-aware application system with intelligent mobile platform terminal as the core .
2. System Architecture The main support technologies of the system include: embedded technology, wireless local area networking technology, multi-protocol processing, human-computer interaction interface, RFID, etc., and the realization of automation and informatization with intelligent mobile platform terminal as the core Multifunctional information aware application system. Its system network structure is shown in Figure 1. This network structure is also a prototype of the future development of the Internet of Things.
In the system structure of FIG. 1, the mobile phone as an important terminal reaches the gateway device through the Bluetooth device, and then the gateway device pairs between the ZigBee network, the electronic tag, the 3G network, the Wi-Fi/WAPI network, the Beidou network and other networks and devices. Perfect network integration and technological innovation have fully demonstrated that real objects are connected to the Internet through information sensing devices such as radio frequency identification (RFID) and intelligent identification and management.
Embedded system development is divided into software development and hardware development.
The hardware module currently includes ARM9-S3C2440 development board, BC4RS232 serial port Bluetooth adapter, RC500 non-contact IC card development board, ZigBee module, M2M module, and smart Bluetooth mobile phone. The core of the development board is the ARM processor. The processor has the tailored Linux system and the corresponding C language program, which controls the operation of the entire system and processes the data of each sub-network. SDRAM and FLASH are connected with S3C2440 and used as cache and storage program. The Bluetooth wireless transmission interface distributed around the processor can communicate with ZTE smartphones via Bluetooth technology via a virtual serial port. The ZigBee module is used to receive instructions from the ARM processor, send it to the ZigBee network, and receive messages returned by the ZigBee network at the same time. The RFID interface module acts like a ZigBee interface module and is also used to receive processor instructions and messages returned by the RFID network and send it to the other end. ZTE Mu301 connects to M2M module through USB interface. The application on the JAVA virtual machine developed by the mobile phone through J2ME utilizes the Bluetooth virtual serial communication protocol to communicate with the Bluetooth module interface on the development board.
In the development process of embedded systems, the “host/target board†development model is generally adopted, ie, the software on the target board is developed using the rich hardware and software resources on the host machine (PC machine) and a good development environment and debugging tools. Generate target code and executable file through cross-compilation environment, download to target board through serial port/USB/Ethernet, use cross debugger to run in monitor program, analyze in real time, finally, download program to target machine and finish The entire development process. In software design, the embedded system development flow chart designed for combining ARM hardware environment and ADS software development environment. The entire development process basically includes the following steps:
(1) Source code preparation: Writing source C/C++ and assembler;
(2) Program compilation: compiling a program through a dedicated compiler;
(3) Software simulation and debugging: Simulate software operation in the SDK;
(4) program download: download to the target board through JTAG, USB, UART mode;
(5) hardware and software testing and debugging: joint debugging procedures through JTAG and other methods;
(6) Download and cure: The program is correct, and it is downloaded to the product for production.
3. Key technologies In the process of design and implementation, this project usually involves the following key technologies:
(1) The project needs to achieve data communication between the mobile phone platform and the Internet of Things gateway through Bluetooth technology. Researching the communication mechanism of the mobile phone platform and the gateway module and the design of related protocols is a key issue.
(2) ZigBee protocol stack The Z-Stack protocol stack is integrated on the CC2430 chip. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply study the deep integration mechanism of the ARMLinux and ZigBee protocol stacks.
(3) In this project, through the mobile platform to allow users to interact with the ZigBee network, how to design the interaction mechanism between the mobile platform and the ZigBee protocol is a research focus;
(4) The RFID module can read and write RF tags. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem of the combination of ARMLinux and RFID readers, and to control the read and write operations of RFID through the Linux platform;
(5) Research on key technologies of RFID information filter and event rule processing engine based on ARMLinux and mobile phone platform;
(6) Research the integration mechanism of ARMLinux and mobile phone platform and ZTE TD-MU240 module;
(7) Study how to effectively combine the Bluetooth technology applied to the Internet of Things with RFID security authentication technology. With this technology, Bluetooth connection can be established quickly and securely via RFID;
(8) Energy conservation and reliability are the two focuses of the wireless sensor network. Research on energy-saving and reliable routing protocols in the wireless sensor network of the Internet of Things is also a key issue of this project. This project proposes that some routing protocols can effectively reduce the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks and improve the reliability of the network.
(9) Research on passive fault detection methods for wireless sensor networks. This project adopts a wireless sensor network fault diagnosis method based on the combination of passive receiving nodes and BP neural network.
4. Application Scenarios The IoT interoperability platform and dynamic network protocol developed by the project are characterized by high sensitivity, good practicality, and modularity. The success of this technology will enhance the degree of automation of smart phones and greatly expand the wireless sensor network. The scope of application can be widely used in all areas of society. The application of the Internet of Things (IoT) based wireless sensor network can save a lot of wiring and reduce the waste of resources, thus making a positive contribution to building a conservation-oriented society.
Mobile phones based on the Internet of Things are still new to Fangxing at the end of the country. The integration of multiple functions of intelligent mobile phones and the use of mobile phones as application gateways will become an inevitable trend of social development in the future and have a broad market space. According to relevant statistics, China’s smart community will grow at a rate of 30% in the next five years, and it is expected that by 2020, 60% of residential buildings in China’s large and medium-sized cities will be intelligent. Therefore, it can be foreseen that the new mobile phone products involved in the pre-research project have broad industrialization prospects. The two exemplary applications currently being implemented are the campus security system and the airport smart baggage claim system.
The campus-based security demonstration system based on the Internet of Things combines advanced radio frequency identification (RFID) and wireless sensor technology (ZigBee) with the Internet and mobile networks to create a three-dimensional security network management system. The system uses RFID technology to read student information in real time. It uses ZigBee technology to form self-organized multi-hop networks in school gates, teaching buildings, etc., and then uploads the acquired information by the convergence node. The management personnel can check the information anywhere on the campus through handheld devices. management.
The IoT-based intelligent baggage claim system combines radio frequency identification (RFID) and wireless sensor technology (ZigBee) with the Internet and mobile networks to intelligently and efficiently solve the problems that passengers may have with baggage at the airport. Thanks to its identification tag and its mobile phone, which can be used as a card reader, passengers can easily find their own luggage in a wide range of luggage after leaving the plane. And after picking up the baggage, the system will match the baggage information of each passenger to avoid the situation of taking less, taking more or taking the wrong baggage.
5. Participating Team Introduction The project team has long been engaged in research on software middleware and sensing/Internet of Things, and has conducted long-term research on sensor/Internet of Things. Currently, it has completed or is implementing multiple Internet of Things and sensor networks. Related projects include natural science funds and major national science and technology projects. He has written many related patents including Bluetooth communication security, RFID authentication, ZigBee network diagnostics, etc. He has published more than 30 papers in IEEE Transaction, ACM Transaction and other international academic conferences. At present, a lot of research work has been done on the mobile sensor/Internet of Things and mobile social network.
Among the projects implemented by the research group, the “Key Technology Research of a New Generation of IoT Based on ZTE Mobile Phone Platform†won the “2010 Excellent Cooperation Project†of the annual conference of the ZTE Communication Forum of Industry, University, and Research, and went to Shenzhen Dameisha to participate in the commendation. meeting. Through the cooperation of this project, the research level of teachers and students in this research group has been further improved, which has provided a strong guarantee for the successful implementation of this project.
The research team of this paper has maintained exchanges and cooperation with researchers such as Wayne State University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, and National University of Defense Technology. There are currently 4 teachers and more than 30 graduate students are engaged in research and development in the laboratory. The team has strong research and development capabilities.
In this study, the communication between ZTE's mobile phone and the entire Internet of Things system can realize functions such as mobile navigation, mobile subscription, environmental monitoring, tag identification, target awareness and positioning. The products of the research results will further expand the functions of mobile phones and can be widely applied in many fields such as industry and commerce, home life and so on.
6. Conclusions On March 25th, 2011, Shaanxi Province's Internet of Things Industry Alliance was formally established after approval by the Shaanxi Provincial Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The establishment of Shaanxi Province's Internet of Things Industry Alliance is another important measure for Shaanxi Province to vigorously support the Internet of Things industry, which is conducive to integrating resource advantages and enhancing the visibility and competitiveness of Shaanxi Province's Internet of Things industry. Under the active efforts of the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Internet of Things Experimental Research Center, Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology has become one of the member units of the Alliance. Zhang Xiaoping, Deputy Director-General of the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Internet of Things Experiment and Research Center, served as Deputy Secretary-General and Vice Chairman of the Alliance.
Introduction As sensor technology continues to mature and costs continue to decline, multi-source sensing systems will significantly change the interface between data acquisition systems and users and portable electronic products. Original equipment manufacturers that have guided this development trend have clearly pointed out that they hope to use these sensors to realize the user’s concept of dynamic perception of information at any time and place. These modern sensors provide the sensing capabilities that design engineers need to change data acquisition systems and human-computer interactions.
This research is a project of ZTE Corporation undertaken by Xidian University. It mainly studies the key technologies of a new generation of Internet of Things based on the ZTE smartphone platform. It is intended to be used for R&D and verification of key technologies for the Internet of Things, providing a reference for ZTE Corporation to develop a new generation of smart phone products. Through the communication between ZTE smartphones and the entire Internet of Things system, mobile navigation, mobile subscriptions, environmental monitoring, tag identification, target awareness and positioning can be implemented. The products of the research results will further expand the functions of mobile phones and can be widely applied in many fields such as industry and commerce, home life and so on.
1. Overall Plan This project is a conceptual platform for future 4G mobile phones. Mobile phones are used as application gateways for mobile Internet and wireless sensor networks. A large number of access protocols and data transmission protocols are required for device access control and data communication. Through protocol modeling and simulation experiments, a multi-protocol integration technology solution is proposed in this paper, so that the smart phone platform can play a role in many occasions.
The system consists of smart mobile information collection terminals and ZTE smart phones. Through the wireless network, the system can collect and transmit multi-source data in real time. The mobile phone can collect and control multi-source data as required, enabling the surrounding wireless sensors to exchange dynamic data with the mobile phone.
This design incorporates wireless sensor technology and embedded software and hardware technology, using RFIDReader, special line sensor terminal module, Wi-Fi module, WAPI module, ZigBee module, GPS module to external expansion mode to ensure the use of ZTE smart phone platform to the surrounding wireless sensor Real-time acquisition of the module. In this study, a high-precision voltage reference chip is used to provide a reference voltage reference for the system signal acquisition system. The system uses the ZigBee module to complete the sensing of temperature, humidity, and other information on the site; Bluetooth Bluetooth (IEEE802.15) module is used to implement the evaluation board's multi-source information. ZTE smart phone wireless transmission. The main supporting technologies of the system include embedded technology, wireless local area networking technology, multi-protocol processing, human-computer interaction interface, RFID, etc., and the realization of an automated, information-based multi-functional information-aware application system with intelligent mobile platform terminal as the core .
2. System Architecture The main support technologies of the system include: embedded technology, wireless local area networking technology, multi-protocol processing, human-computer interaction interface, RFID, etc., and the realization of automation and informatization with intelligent mobile platform terminal as the core Multifunctional information aware application system. Its system network structure is shown in Figure 1. This network structure is also a prototype of the future development of the Internet of Things.
In the system structure of FIG. 1, the mobile phone as an important terminal reaches the gateway device through the Bluetooth device, and then the gateway device pairs between the ZigBee network, the electronic tag, the 3G network, the Wi-Fi/WAPI network, the Beidou network and other networks and devices. Perfect network integration and technological innovation have fully demonstrated that real objects are connected to the Internet through information sensing devices such as radio frequency identification (RFID) and intelligent identification and management.
Embedded system development is divided into software development and hardware development.
The hardware module currently includes ARM9-S3C2440 development board, BC4RS232 serial port Bluetooth adapter, RC500 non-contact IC card development board, ZigBee module, M2M module, and smart Bluetooth mobile phone. The core of the development board is the ARM processor. The processor has the tailored Linux system and the corresponding C language program, which controls the operation of the entire system and processes the data of each sub-network. SDRAM and FLASH are connected with S3C2440 and used as cache and storage program. The Bluetooth wireless transmission interface distributed around the processor can communicate with ZTE smartphones via Bluetooth technology via a virtual serial port. The ZigBee module is used to receive instructions from the ARM processor, send it to the ZigBee network, and receive messages returned by the ZigBee network at the same time. The RFID interface module acts like a ZigBee interface module and is also used to receive processor instructions and messages returned by the RFID network and send it to the other end. ZTE Mu301 connects to M2M module through USB interface. The application on the JAVA virtual machine developed by the mobile phone through J2ME utilizes the Bluetooth virtual serial communication protocol to communicate with the Bluetooth module interface on the development board.
In the development process of embedded systems, the “host/target board†development model is generally adopted, ie, the software on the target board is developed using the rich hardware and software resources on the host machine (PC machine) and a good development environment and debugging tools. Generate target code and executable file through cross-compilation environment, download to target board through serial port/USB/Ethernet, use cross debugger to run in monitor program, analyze in real time, finally, download program to target machine and finish The entire development process. In software design, the embedded system development flow chart designed for combining ARM hardware environment and ADS software development environment. The entire development process basically includes the following steps:
(1) Source code preparation: Writing source C/C++ and assembler;
(2) Program compilation: compiling a program through a dedicated compiler;
(3) Software simulation and debugging: Simulate software operation in the SDK;
(4) program download: download to the target board through JTAG, USB, UART mode;
(5) hardware and software testing and debugging: joint debugging procedures through JTAG and other methods;
(6) Download and cure: The program is correct, and it is downloaded to the product for production.
3. Key technologies In the process of design and implementation, this project usually involves the following key technologies:
(1) The project needs to achieve data communication between the mobile phone platform and the Internet of Things gateway through Bluetooth technology. Researching the communication mechanism of the mobile phone platform and the gateway module and the design of related protocols is a key issue.
(2) ZigBee protocol stack The Z-Stack protocol stack is integrated on the CC2430 chip. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply study the deep integration mechanism of the ARMLinux and ZigBee protocol stacks.
(3) In this project, through the mobile platform to allow users to interact with the ZigBee network, how to design the interaction mechanism between the mobile platform and the ZigBee protocol is a research focus;
(4) The RFID module can read and write RF tags. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem of the combination of ARMLinux and RFID readers, and to control the read and write operations of RFID through the Linux platform;
(5) Research on key technologies of RFID information filter and event rule processing engine based on ARMLinux and mobile phone platform;
(6) Research the integration mechanism of ARMLinux and mobile phone platform and ZTE TD-MU240 module;
(7) Study how to effectively combine the Bluetooth technology applied to the Internet of Things with RFID security authentication technology. With this technology, Bluetooth connection can be established quickly and securely via RFID;
(8) Energy conservation and reliability are the two focuses of the wireless sensor network. Research on energy-saving and reliable routing protocols in the wireless sensor network of the Internet of Things is also a key issue of this project. This project proposes that some routing protocols can effectively reduce the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks and improve the reliability of the network.
(9) Research on passive fault detection methods for wireless sensor networks. This project adopts a wireless sensor network fault diagnosis method based on the combination of passive receiving nodes and BP neural network.
4. Application Scenarios The IoT interoperability platform and dynamic network protocol developed by the project are characterized by high sensitivity, good practicality, and modularity. The success of this technology will enhance the degree of automation of smart phones and greatly expand the wireless sensor network. The scope of application can be widely used in all areas of society. The application of the Internet of Things (IoT) based wireless sensor network can save a lot of wiring and reduce the waste of resources, thus making a positive contribution to building a conservation-oriented society.
Mobile phones based on the Internet of Things are still new to Fangxing at the end of the country. The integration of multiple functions of intelligent mobile phones and the use of mobile phones as application gateways will become an inevitable trend of social development in the future and have a broad market space. According to relevant statistics, China’s smart community will grow at a rate of 30% in the next five years, and it is expected that by 2020, 60% of residential buildings in China’s large and medium-sized cities will be intelligent. Therefore, it can be foreseen that the new mobile phone products involved in the pre-research project have broad industrialization prospects. The two exemplary applications currently being implemented are the campus security system and the airport smart baggage claim system.
The campus-based security demonstration system based on the Internet of Things combines advanced radio frequency identification (RFID) and wireless sensor technology (ZigBee) with the Internet and mobile networks to create a three-dimensional security network management system. The system uses RFID technology to read student information in real time. It uses ZigBee technology to form self-organized multi-hop networks in school gates, teaching buildings, etc., and then uploads the acquired information by the convergence node. The management personnel can check the information anywhere on the campus through handheld devices. management.
The IoT-based intelligent baggage claim system combines radio frequency identification (RFID) and wireless sensor technology (ZigBee) with the Internet and mobile networks to intelligently and efficiently solve the problems that passengers may have with baggage at the airport. Thanks to its identification tag and its mobile phone, which can be used as a card reader, passengers can easily find their own luggage in a wide range of luggage after leaving the plane. And after picking up the baggage, the system will match the baggage information of each passenger to avoid the situation of taking less, taking more or taking the wrong baggage.
5. Participating Team Introduction The project team has long been engaged in research on software middleware and sensing/Internet of Things, and has conducted long-term research on sensor/Internet of Things. Currently, it has completed or is implementing multiple Internet of Things and sensor networks. Related projects include natural science funds and major national science and technology projects. He has written many related patents including Bluetooth communication security, RFID authentication, ZigBee network diagnostics, etc. He has published more than 30 papers in IEEE Transaction, ACM Transaction and other international academic conferences. At present, a lot of research work has been done on the mobile sensor/Internet of Things and mobile social network.
Among the projects implemented by the research group, the “Key Technology Research of a New Generation of IoT Based on ZTE Mobile Phone Platform†won the “2010 Excellent Cooperation Project†of the annual conference of the ZTE Communication Forum of Industry, University, and Research, and went to Shenzhen Dameisha to participate in the commendation. meeting. Through the cooperation of this project, the research level of teachers and students in this research group has been further improved, which has provided a strong guarantee for the successful implementation of this project.
The research team of this paper has maintained exchanges and cooperation with researchers such as Wayne State University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, and National University of Defense Technology. There are currently 4 teachers and more than 30 graduate students are engaged in research and development in the laboratory. The team has strong research and development capabilities.
In this study, the communication between ZTE's mobile phone and the entire Internet of Things system can realize functions such as mobile navigation, mobile subscription, environmental monitoring, tag identification, target awareness and positioning. The products of the research results will further expand the functions of mobile phones and can be widely applied in many fields such as industry and commerce, home life and so on.
6. Conclusions On March 25th, 2011, Shaanxi Province's Internet of Things Industry Alliance was formally established after approval by the Shaanxi Provincial Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The establishment of Shaanxi Province's Internet of Things Industry Alliance is another important measure for Shaanxi Province to vigorously support the Internet of Things industry, which is conducive to integrating resource advantages and enhancing the visibility and competitiveness of Shaanxi Province's Internet of Things industry. Under the active efforts of the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Internet of Things Experimental Research Center, Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology has become one of the member units of the Alliance. Zhang Xiaoping, Deputy Director-General of the Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Internet of Things Experiment and Research Center, served as Deputy Secretary-General and Vice Chairman of the Alliance.
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