Uranium is a very chemically active element that is easily combined with other elements to synthesize uranium minerals. During the evolution of the earth's crust, uranium aggregates into different types of uranium deposits under magma, sedimentation, metamorphism and epigenetic action. As a nuclear fuel, uranium is the main material for achieving highly energy-intensive nuclear fission.
China's uranium mining began in the mid-1950s and is a very important emerging mining industry. Since 1955, a uranium mine survey has been carried out in the northwest, south-central, and eastern regions in a planned way. A total of more than 2,000 radioactive anomalies were found, and there were 11 prospective mineralization points, which laid the foundation for the organization scale exploration. So far, more than 3 million km 2 of land area has been radioactively measured and corresponding geological surveys; aeronautical radioactivity measurements have been carried out on a land area of ​​2.8 million km 2 ; drilling and boring more than 30 million m have been provided, and a number of uranium deposits have been provided. . In 1956, after the creation of a uranium hydrometallurgical plant and other ancillary facilities, a complete uranium mining and metallurgy system has been basically formed.
The proven uranium deposits are mainly granite , volcanic, sandstone and carbon siltstone types. The ore is mainly medium and low grade, and the ore content of 0.05% to 0.3% grade accounts for the vast majority of the total resources. Ore composition is relatively simple, mainly as a single type of uranium ore, only the metal element other symbiotic formed uranium  molybdenum, uranium  mercury, uranium  copper, uranium  polymetallic, uranium and thorium   few deposits in rare earth deposits. The scale of the deposit is mainly small and medium-sized. In some ore fields, deposits often appear in groups, some of which are dozens, and often there are 1 or 2 main deposits. The proven uranium ore body is buried within 500m.
Uranium mines: More than 200 large and small uranium deposits (fields) have been identified in China, confirming a considerable amount of uranium reserves. Uranium resources are unevenly distributed. uranium deposits have been discovered in 23 provinces (regions), mainly in Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Guangxi, and Xinjiang, Liaoning, Yunnan, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Zhejiang, Gansu and other provinces (districts). . The deposits are mainly small and medium-sized, among which the main uranium deposits are: Xiangshan uranium orefield, Qixian uranium deposit, Xiazhuang uranium mine, Shiziping uranium mine, Qinglong uranium mine, Tengchong uranium deposit, Taoshan uranium deposit, small Qiuyuan uranium deposit, Huangcun uranium deposit, Lianshanguan uranium deposit, Lantian uranium deposit, Zoige uranium deposit, Qiling uranium deposit, Yili uranium deposit, Baiyanghe uranium deposit. The mines that have been built and newly built include: Hengyang uranium mine, Zhangzhou uranium mine, Dapu Street uranium mine, Shangrao uranium mine, Fuzhou uranium mine, Le'an uranium mine, Wengyuan uranium mine, Zhangzhou uranium mine, Weihe uranium mine, Renhua Uranium mine, Benxi uranium mine, Lantian uranium mine, Yili uranium mine, etc. In particular, the resources of the four provinces (regions) of Fujian, Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi are rich, accounting for 74% of the proven industrial reserves.
The uranium mineralization period in China is dominated by the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, and is mainly concentrated in 87-45 Ma. The order of mineralization is: mixed rock type, pegmatite type, granite type, volcanic type, carbon silicon mudstone type and sandstone type. According to the mineralization types of uranium deposits, the metallogenic age and the distribution characteristics of the geotectonic units, the eastern uranium metallogenic province, the Tianshan-Qilianshan uranium metallogenic province and the western Yunnan uranium metallogenic area are divided. According to the genesis of the deposit, ore-bearing surrounding rock and metallogenic characteristics, the main uranium deposits in China are divided into endogenous uranium deposits (magma type, hydrothermal type), exogenous uranium deposits (diagenetic type, post-colonization type) and complex uranium deposits. Three types of deposits.
Uranium production
The uranium industry has undergone 20 years of adjustment and reform, implemented military and civilian integration and established a new system to adapt to the socialist market economy, and basically realized technological transformation and management with new technology, excellent team and good efficiency. Nuclear power is the development direction of today's energy utilization. China is still in its infancy and needs limited uranium. Uranium production has maintained a compatible production level according to the recent nuclear power requirements for nuclear fuel, and has adjusted the production process and standards for uranium products. By the mid-1990s, uranium metal produced by in-situ and heap leaching processes accounted for 60% of annual production. In the first half of 1994, three nuclear power plants in Qinshan and Daya Bay nuclear power plants were put into commercial operation. The nuclear power generation in 1995 was about 6% and 20% of the total power generation in Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces respectively. From 1996 to 1997, there were four nuclear power plants with a total installed capacity of 6 million kW. Eight reactors started the preliminary work of engineering construction or engineering, and the pace of nuclear power development is accelerating.
Uranium resources supply and demand situation
   Uranium production is scheduled as needed. Some of the reserves of uranium resources have been explored, providing nuclear power fuel for the two nuclear power plants of Qinshan (with an installed capacity of 300,000 kW) and Daya Bay (with an installed capacity of 2 × 900,000 kW), which have been built and operated, with a nuclear power installed capacity of 2.1 million kW. And can meet the demand for uranium fuel in the four nuclear power projects under construction. The nuclear power plant currently operating has a power generation capacity of 14 billion kW·h, which accounts for only 1% of the total electricity. Together with the nuclear power plant under construction, the nuclear power generation accounts for 2% of the total electricity, although it is an appropriate supplement. Nuclear power has quickly started to take shape.
Uranium resources prospect
According to analysis by relevant departments and experts, from the end of this century to the beginning of the next century, China's nuclear power utilization will enter a new stage of development. Combined with China's energy production and consumption situation constitutes appropriate development of nuclear power in the eastern coast of the lack of coal and water, can ease the pressure on transportation, but also to protect the ecological environment contribute to and make full use of uranium in these areas Resources. The development of uranium resources is still mainly arranged according to the scale of construction of nuclear power plants. Some experts have predicted that in 2000, the installed capacity of nuclear power will reach 3 million kW and the demand for uranium will be 600 tons. In 2010, the installed capacity of nuclear power will be 20 million kW, which will reach 4% of the national installed capacity, and the demand for uranium will be about 3 150 tons. Although nuclear power still complements national power development, the total amount of nuclear power will form a considerable scale. At present, China's proven uranium resources can guarantee the natural uranium needed before 2010. In the past 10 to 15 years, the exploration work mainly focused on controlling the prospective uranium resources, and correspondingly provided certain economic uranium reserves.
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