Silver mercury capture with silver ores, gold is extracted so that the process of separating metals and other minerals and gangue, provide one method of silver is silver ores. Mercury has selective wetting (capture) effect on fine gold and silver in the slurry, and forms amalgam alloy with gold and silver. The amalgam is distilled to volatilize and separate mercury to obtain gold and silver. This method is mainly used to treat minerals such as natural silver, natural gold-silver ore and angle silver. The amalgamation method began in the late Qin and early Han dynasties (200 BC) and later spread to Europe and Asia. From the beginning of the 16th century to the end of the 19th century, it was the main method for extracting silver. Use, only as an auxiliary means of re-election, flotation, cyanide silver extraction and other methods.
Mercury amalgamation is mainly composed of grinding, sieving, re-election, amalgamation, extrusion, distillation, and smelting. The silver ore is ground to a diameter of 0.2 mm or less by a ball mill or a rod mill, and then sieved to remove the coarse-grained ore; and then washed with a washing tank, a jig, a hydrocyclone, a suede chute, and a shaker. Selected to obtain a black sand concentrate containing silver and gold. Black sand concentrate is mixed with mercury in a grinding machine, a mercury amalgam or a mercury tank, and silver and gold enter the mercury paste. The mercury paste and tailings are separated by a trap, a chute, a classifier, or the like. The mercury-containing tailings containing high precious metals are sent to the smelting plant or the cyanide plant for further treatment of the precious metals. The mercury paste separated from the tailings is ground together with water in a grinder to loosen and free the solid inclusions, and the surface impurities are removed by scraping or magnetic separation to obtain a clean amalgam. The clean amalgam is then placed in a thick canvas bag and squeezed to remove excess mercury to obtain a dry amalgam containing 30% to 60% of mercury. The dry amalgam into the cast iron or steel pot distillation still, distilling the volatiles at a temperature of 1073K and condensate recovery of mercury, silver and gold to obtain content exceeds 90% of the sponge block. The sponge block and the flux are mixed and smelted at a temperature of 1273 to 1473 K to obtain a gold-silver alloy ingot. The gold-silver alloy ingot is first silver-plated by silver electrolysis; the gold in the silver anode mud is then gold-calculated together with the black gold powder to obtain gold.
In the 1980s, some new amalgamation equipment and processes appeared, such as swirling amalgamators, continuous amalgamators, and dry electric amalgamators. The "enhanced mercury" developed by the United States has 300 times the ability to capture gold and silver than ordinary mercury. The new process of amalgamation is carried out in a closed negative pressure pipeline to prevent mercury volatilization from polluting the environment, and the cost is only 43% of the re-election method.
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